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I pay an effective income tax of 45% (14.1% "arbeidsgiveravgift"[1] and 36% income tax after deductions).

And when I buy stuff I then have to pay 25% VAT (12% on groceries). So the effective tax is 59% except for groceries.

Do you get payments from the Statoil?

Not directly, no. Gov't uses parts of the oil tax money to fund budget deficits, but they've limited themselves to how much.

I was under the impression you also got a dividend/basic income of a few thousand a year like in Alaska?

No, nothing like that.

Though you can get support if you're temporarily without a job[1], sick[2] or declared permanently unable to work[3].

These programs are of course partially funded by the oil tax money, by virtue of being part of the government spending.