I tend to assemble mine from:

- Author (if not myself)

- Recipient (if correspondence)

- Project (if myself)

- Title (or keyword)

- Date

There are non-file (or metafile) systems which populate metadata automatically, with email systems perhaps the most familiar (from, to, date, subject, plus other optional tags or headers).

Versioning should be handled by a version control system.

The "New Document" / "New Folder" convention is ... just stupid.

Mind that the above are for documents in a more traditional sense, rather than, say, files within a programming or scripting project. The directory hierarchy itself can provide much needed context, though filename conventions add to that.