In Search Of: Simpson's Paradox

Probably a typo in the 2nd point below "why average support for gun control increases as a function of prayer:", the "low-prayer groups are mostly female" should be "The high-prayer groups are most female".

- The high-prayer groups are mostly female, so the overall average is closer to the female response, which is higher.

The latest example of Simpson's Paradox I've seen in the wild was regarding the risk of hospitalization after infection with the B1.1.7 variation of Covid-19 in Denmark. Crude analysis showed that the "old" variation imposed the higher risk. Including age in the model reversed that. B1.1.7 was predominantly spreading among younger people.

“Simpsons paradox is rare” might well be true, but is quite the stretch from what the author shows.

Self reported opinion data is a very specific dataset to begin with.