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Sanskrit has free word order. For example, "krishnam naro'shvam prashyati sundaram" -- the man sees the beautiful black horse. Here Krishnam == black, sundaram == beautiful. naro'sham is the combined form (sandhi) of narah (man) + ashvam (horse) and prashyati == sees.

Though Indian languages derived from Sanskrit have simpler rules and the adjectives are roughly in the same order as English (but the endings have to match the noun).

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I believe Latin has the same property as well, however I’d assume when spoken within communities, both had preferred offerings. As in, folks weren’t arbitrarily ordering their words. But it does create really expressive options for prose and poetry.

Yes Latin and Greek both have this property though in practice it has some de facto conventions, as discussed.

I always felt Marathi was more “French” than “English”

I don't know what you mean.

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