UK and US both have private central banks. This is true for all G8 countries if I remember correctly.

Most income taxes collected in the US/UK go directly to these private organizations.

In many ways slavery in the US was 'abolished' in 1865 then a revised version (aka perpetual debt slavery) was adopted in 1913 at the tail end of the US-China opium trade induced economic boom and expanded by both parties in the decades that followed.

The us central bank was chartered as an independent entity because policy makers here felt that having the central bank be embedded in the ex3cutive tended to inevitably corrupt the central banks decisions and led to crashes and devaluations and various bad politically motivated outcomes.