Helmut Oberlander, a member of the Einsatzgruppen death squads of Nazi Germany

Helmut Oberlander (born 15 February 1924) is a former naturalized Canadian citizen who was a member of the Einsatzgruppen death squads of Nazi Germany in the occupied Soviet Union during World War II. Oberlander is on the Simon Wiesenthal Center's list of most wanted Nazi war criminals. Beginning in 1994, the Government of Canada made several attempts to revoke Oberlander's citizenship, on the basis of his having withheld or misrepresented his involvement with Nazi war crimes.

In 2017, after the fourth attempt by the government to strip him of his citizenship, he lost his appeal, as the Federal Court of Canada found this revocation 'reasonable,' and in 2019 the Federal Court of Appeal unanimously dismissed his motion to have his case re-opened. On December 5, 2019, the Supreme Court of Canada declined to hear Oberlander's appeal, clearing the way for his deportation. In early 2020, however, Oberlander was still in Canada and had in fact filed a new appeal against his planned deportation. He later lost his appeal, which had him to face a deportation hearing. On or about March 19, 2021, the lawyer representing Oberlander filed a motion for a permanent stay of proceedings against his client. The motion was denied by judge Denis Gascon who ruled that a permanent stay of immigration proceedings would be "premature" and called for an administrative review by the Immigration Department of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.