There is plenty of evidence that the first shot reduces the risk of the worst symptoms quite significantly.
Right, reduces, but the full dose is needed to render the virus mostly harmless. My partner's coworker has Covid and one does of the vaccine, they are still severely ill.
It takes ~14 days after the first dose to get the ~80-90% protection (Pfizer/Moderna).
Please correct me in case you have different information
Second of all, the choice was never between giving two doses to 16 million people (as of today) or giving one dose to 16 million people. The choice was giving two doses to 8 million people or one dose to 16 million people. The total death toll from the pandemic would be lower the sooner we get to the point of herd immunity. Giving everyone one dose gets us there sooner and ultimately saves lives.