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What is the fundamental dataset used for it? In recent years more probes have done Mars imaging, which probe has given the highest resolution images?

They primarily use CTX, but HiRISE has the highest resolution, 0.25-0.5m/pixel.

Right. HiRISE is awesome, but covers only roughly 5% of Mars surface. Check the blog we posted above [1], it gives very detailed explanation on that.