Fair use isn’t much good if you can’t afford it
gigaom.com
gigaom.com
Well, this is absolutely hilarious really -- I mean, hold on, what is the original work we are talking about here?
Photography.
You know, where you put some light sensors in front of something you did not create yourself and pretty much just collect the photons that bounce off it.
But in my opinion, for photographers to dictate the terms of their photos' usage is nothing but hiding behind the status quo (the current copyright laws) to stroke their own egos. They don't want anyone else to be mistaken for as the "creator" of the photo, because that is just too damaging to their ego. They can't just capture an image for people to enjoy (by seeing, or by remixing, or whatever), they have to make sure their name is attached to it and in people's faces for all eternity.
It's really childish, but it's human behavior. We evolved in a world of finite resources where ownership of and the ability to defend those finite resources meant survival and status. Now we have this new medium where we can create resources and duplicate them nearly infinitely, but we're still hard-wired to try to control every one of those infinite copies, because they're MINEMINEMINEMINE. But we obviously can't watch what everyone is doing, so we just mercilessly beat down anyone who looks like they're getting any attention from using a copy.
Sorry for the wall of text, as a digital artist I feel pretty passionate about the subject.
You're forgetting the editing that almost all commercial photographs get.
I'm going to go out on a limb and guess the original in this case was a studio shot, in which the lighting, background, angle of photography, and positioning of the subject were all chosen by the photographer in service of the vision that yielded the artifact generated by "collecting photons". Even outside a studio, a photographer has a lot of control over all of the variables. Weather is about the only thing they don't.
To reduce photography to such extremes is akin to saying coding is pretty much typing. By the time that happens, a lot of creativity has already been spent.
Or course this is a matter of interpretation and we are deciding on degrees, but here is an example of what transformative is:
The case that Baio is relying on is Blanch v. Koons. Here is the original work: http://newsgrist.typepad.com/underbelly/images/silksandals.j...
Here is the work of the subsequent artist who was found to be "transformative": http://newsgrist.typepad.com/underbelly/images/koonsniagara_...
Can we agree that Baio's work doesn't arise to the level of transformativeness that the Koons work did?
Check out the photo used on the Jay Maisel facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Jay-Maisel/132844546752374
The photo facebook chose for his automatically generated 'community profile' just so happens to be a low resolution side by side of the two images in question, with no caption explaining that they're in fact different pictures.
So now Maisel has accomplished exactly the opposite of what he intended to. By suing Baio, he brought prominence to what would have otherwise been a very low distribution album, and now his facebook photo is the very image he was trying to bury.
It's there because it was uploaded from Andy Baio's article and described as his own CC-licensed work despite his assertion that it was fair use of Maisel's copyrighted image. I wouldn't count on it being there for too long given the level of scrutiny Wikipedia images endure.
Where do you get this impression Jay Maisel is trying to suppress the album? He settled for a substantial amount of money and got the image pulled, so he has no reason to be unhappy at this point.
Buying the album is support for Andy and this project, not a way to frustrate Maisel.
In any case, the image is gone from both places now.
In this case, it's worth noting that the troll (who is very VERY rich) was, himself, making absurd threats of ruinous financial violence. Indeed, that's what has infuriated so many people. The gag-order that Maisel tried (and failed) to attach to the settlement only underscored (a) his odious personal nature and (b) the sense that, shrill arguments aside, he was knowingly in the wrong. That is to say, nobody who wins a fair fight fairly feels any need to hush up the details.
It's also worth noting that unlike, say, an actual witch-hunt, or a mob interested in keeping a marginalized group on the outs, the most well-known cases are focused - almost exclusively - on egregious bullies, this example being a case-in-point. It's almost as though the body politic is developing an autoimmune response after excessive exposure to a dangerous pathogen.
The core of the issue is that we have a system of "public" law that has been transformed into a tool for private abuse by the rare few who can afford to use it. As such, it is no longer available for more widespread and lower-stake dispute resolution. This civic loss is considered "unacceptable collateral damage" by those few who'd restrict use of the courts to their own enrichment. The growing presence of justifiably angry mobs who are willing to target bullies suggests that isn't the case.
A democracy is only as good as it's justice system. Ours, quite frankly, is a mess. If the street is the only source of protection for the majority of people, we've lurched a step closer to open class warfare, and that's a very sorry state indeed.
Second, the test for fair use doesn't include some percentage of copying. Here (http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/03/copyright-tr...) is a case where copying an entire article got ruled "fair use".
Third, in my judgement, the transformation was quite extensive. Compare representations of neckties in both images. Lots of transformation. Is my judgement better or worse than yours?
This is incorrect. 17 USC 107 spells out four criteria on which fair use claims are to be evaluated, the third of which is "the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole".
Now it is true that using the entire work doesn't automatically preclude the success of a fair use claim, but it's a much steeper hill to climb and will rest heavily on the other factors being in your favour, which wasn't the case with Kind of Bloop (the significance of the transformation seems to be up for debate, the work was very definitely commercial, some apparent degradation of the commercial value of the photo-as-album-art since it was being used here as album art without payment).
This is why posting free copies of other people's movies online is considered damaging. Even if you don't make money yourself, you create an option from a potential customer who would pay to avoid doing so. In this case, the pixelated version is on par with the tracks themselves - legitimate variations that are conspicuously different.
Indeed, the presence and proliferation of noticeably derivative works like this tend to increase the iconic and commercial value of the source by creating the kind of halo effect people associate with "the original." It's entirely reasonable to assume that "Kind of Bloop" actually enhances the commercial value of "Kind of Blue", and everything associated with it.
IANAL, but for real, it looks a great deal like fair use to me.
http://mrgan.tumblr.com/post/6840184364/hand-pixelated
"That cover is NOT the original photo, downsampled. It’s a hand-crafted, precisely drawn interpretation of the source. Anyone who’s ever seriously put pixels to screen will tell you that this is an actual artistic method, one with its own challenges, tricks, and yes, an aesthetic."
If painting a version of a photo in oils is allowed, then this is allowed.
The problem is that attempting the fair use defense results in an "I win or you lose" case, where either the defendant wins the case and loses some money, or the defendant loses the case and loses some more money.
Like free|open|fair offers exclude people with verifications (e.g. use Heroku & modern db without bank/credit?: http://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/no-credit-card - No.).
Heroku does not process prepaid/gift cards.
Common problem.
The main argument, that would likely pass in court, is that this use can in no way be mistaken for the original image, nor can it replace it or have any effect on its market value. It's a bit more complicated than that, but that's the gist.
This is why it's OK to sell your own performances of Beethoven's music (which has long been in the public domain) without paying anyone, but you can't freely copy a Vanessa Mae CD and hand it out to people on the street. There's no copyright to the song itself anymore, but the modern recording is still protected.
A photograph is more like a recording than it is like sheet music. If I happened to be standing right next to the photographer and intentionally snapped an almost identical shot half a second later, he couldn't sue me for infringing on his copyright.
If he had significantly transformed the tune itself, he wouldn't have even needed to pay for that, but AFAICT he produced faithful Nintendo-style performances of the original songs. That's why he needed to pay the rightsholder for the song.
Edit: Perhaps I should have said "Right to write." The return of read only culture with an ugly vindictive vengeance. I just didn't like the homophone. (Plus "write" didn't quite cover stupid patents, ridiculous trade marks, and silly copyright claims all together.)
Asserting that the government is going to make thinking illegal makes regular ol 2012 alarmists look good in comparison.
The system has (d)evolved to exclude you from participating in it completely unless you're already a wealthy player.
And yeah, my hat is damn comfy. Its top of the line.