There is a large link to "Ubuntu Desktop" at the top left. I'm not sure why this was so hard for the GP. Maybe it could be slightly easier if you didn't have to click on the big Download link in the first place, but it seems to require very low effort as far as I can tell. Maybe he's running on a textmode browser with no Javascript support?
Is this really aligned with Canonical's (and Ubuntu's) philosophy and goals?
The snarky answer and the sincere answer are the same for once: Yes. If you want that, go to Debian.
I can totally imagine this costing several would-be-users
That's the ec2 image over at amazon.
(Mind you, there are plenty of “retail” installs of Ubuntu — but individuals will often just upgrade Ubuntu to a new release using built-in tooling, rather than downloading a fresh release-image. They only need to visit the site once—the first time they install.)
I think, if you’re visiting ubuntu.com nowadays, you’re most likely to be looking for an Ubuntu Server image.
If Ubuntu depended on random users pointing their browsers to ubuntu.com and then clicking a download link to download and burn an ISO, they'd be long, long gone. There hasn't been any real $$$ in that since, well, forever?