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Thanks! One main difference from Primitive is that Primitive's shapes can overlap, while Triangula generates a triangulation.

IMO both are cool but your method is way cooler!

Also check out my web app Boxy SVG [1] which integrates both vectorization algorithms as "Triangulate" and "Primitivize" generators [2].

See also: SQIP, which uses Primitive: https://github.com/axe312ger/sqip

I'm not familiar with Go, but is there anything in the language which makes it a particularly good fit for this type of problem?

Not particularly, but Go is fast, compiles to small binaries, and supports multithreading with coroutines which works well for genetic algorithms.