Forth:
: droop drop drop ;
: drooop drop drop drop ;
: droooop drop drop drop drop ;
PostScript: /poop { pop pop } def
/pooop { pop pop pop } def
/poooop { pop pop pop pop } defForth:
: droop drop drop ;
: drooop drop drop drop ;
: droooop drop drop drop drop ;
PostScript: /poop { pop pop } def
/pooop { pop pop pop } def
/poooop { pop pop pop pop } defThen after things were working they might replace droooop with something like this:
( Forth assembler psuedo-code follows)
code droooop sp 4 cells addi, next, endcode
One instruction to move the CPU stack pointer.
Unthinkable to touch the stack pointer in most other environments but Toto we're not in Kansas. :)*Next, is the traditional name of the "return to Forth function" in threaded Forth. A return instruction would be used in a native code Forth. Carnal knowledge of the internals is required and used by Forth coders.
Here's some Breshenham line code I first wrote in FORTH (Mitch Bradley's SunForth on a 68k Sun-2 with cg2 graphics board), then translated to 68k code (using the rpn FORTH assembler) -- the FORTH code is commented out before the corresponding assembly code:
https://donhopkins.com/home/archive/forth/cg/line.f
The cg2 board wasn't directly memory mapped -- it had a really weird way of selecting and accessing one row and one column at a time, which was kinda convenient for drawing lines and curves, and ropping blocks around, but nowhere as convenient as direct memory mapped access would have been.
https://donhopkins.com/home/archive/forth/cg/cg.f
I had to reverse engineer it from the map of the registers in this helpful include file:
https://donhopkins.com/home/archive/forth/cg/cg2reg.h
* To save on virtual address space, we don't map the plane or pixel mode
* memory (first two megabytes). However, when calling mmap the user has
* to add 2M to the desired offset anyway (goofy, huh?).Why were you in 640×480? I thought the cgtwo was 1152×900 like God intended, and that's what the .h says too.
Was the reason it was important to save virtual address space important that the 68010 ignored the upper 8 bits of virtual addresses? (Helllo, pointer typetag...)
The assembler looks pretty pleasant, though all the 68k operand size suf-, uh, prefixes make the code a bit LONGer than it could be. In gas I really miss having a macro system that can express nested control structures (so I guess I should quit my bitching and write one and use it). I suppose the tests for the IF and WHILE are limited to <, =, <>, >, 0<, 0>, and 0<>?
I'm curious what you think of my analogy upthread between stack-manipulation words and goto. Does it reflect your experience? I'd forgotten you'd done a bunch of Forth stuff.
That particular assembler had structured control flow like if, while, etc.
It might have actually been a cgone, since the device name was /dev/cgone0. But the header file said cg2. Whatever it was, it was quite slow!
Years later, John Gilmore mentioned that he wrote that .h file with the C structures/unions that mapped out all the device registers.
I bought a copy of Aviator by Curt Priem and Bruce Factor, that ran on my SS2 pizzabox's GX "LEGO: Low End Graphics Option" SBus card (an 8 bit color + 2 bits monochrome overlay plane graphics accelerator):
https://techmonitor.ai/techonology/aviator_15_for_sun_networ...
>AVIATOR 1.5 FOR SUN NETWORKS OPENS UP GRAPHICS WORKSTATION GAMES MARKET. By CBR Staff Writer, 08 Jul 1991.
Not sure why the memory mapping was so weird -- but at least it wasn't as bizarre as the Apple ][! It did have some weird undocumented limitations, like you could only write to the colormap during vertical retrace (which I discovered the hard way -- it didn't seem to work for no apparent reason, except for the occasional times when it did kinda work).
Here's a reference to the cgone device that sounds about right:
http://ftp.uni-bayreuth.de/Digital/alphaserver/archive/magic...
* SUN120 A Sun Microsystems workstation, model Sun2/120 with
* a separate colorboard (/dev/cgone0) and the
* Sun optical mouse. Also works on some old Sun1s with
* the 'Sun2 brain transplant'.
http://www.sunhelp.org/faq/FrameBufferHistory.html Frame Buffer History Lesson
Last Updated: 24th November 1998
cg1/bw1: device name : "/dev/cgoneX" "/dev/bwoneX"
The color and monochrome framebuffer of sun100u.
It is not a crime not knowing anything about these. (and this was 7 years ago!)If you really wanted to provide such a set of operators for, say, the top N stack items, you could give them systematic names with some distinctive scheme; limiting such stack operators to the top 3, for example, with no more than 2 extra results, you could provide the operators x→ (drop), x→x (nop), x→xx (bad Mexican beer), x→xxx (dupup), xy→ (2drop), xy→x (nip), xy→y (drop again, for consistency), xy→xx (nip dup), xy→xy (nop), xy→yx (exch†), xy→yy (drop dup), xy→xxx (nip dup dup), xy→xxy (dup again), xy→xyx (tuck), xy→xyy, xy→yxx, xy→yxy, xy→yyx, xy→yyy, xy→xxxx, xy→xxxy, xy→xxyx, xy→xxyy, xy→xyxx, xy→xyxy, xy→xyyx, xy→xyyy, xy→yxxx, xy→yxxy, xy→yxyx, xy→yxyy, xy→yyxx, xy→yyxy, xy→yyyx, xy→yyyy, xyz→, xyz→x, xyz→y, xyz→z, xyz→xx, xyz→xy (condescending answer on Stack Overflow), xyz→xz, xyz→yx, xyz→yy, xyz→yz, xyz→zx, xyz→zy, xyz→zz, xyz→xxx (programmers over 18 only), xyz→xxy (Klinefelter syndrome), xyz→xxz, xyz→xyx, xyz→xyy (Jacobs syndrome), xyz→xyz, xyz→xzx, xyz→xzy, xyz→xzz, xyz→yxx, xyz→yxy, xyz→yxz, xyz→yyx, xyz→yyy (bargaining, denial), xyz→yyz, xyz→yzx, xyz→yzy, xyz→yzz, xyz→zxx, xyz→zxy, xyz→zxz, xyz→zyx, xyz→zyy, xyz→zyz, xyz→zzx, xyz→zzy, xyz→zzz, xyz→xxxx, xyz→xxxy, xyz→xxxz, xyz→xxyx, xyz→xxyy, xyz→xxyz, xyz→xxzx, xyz→xxzy, xyz→xxzz, xyz→xyxx, xyz→xyxy, xyz→xyxz, xyz→xyyx, xyz→xyyy, xyz→xyyz, xyz→xyzx, xyz→xyzy, xyz→xyzz, xyz→xzxx, xyz→xzxy, xyz→xzxz, xyz→xzyx, xyz→xzyy, xyz→xzyz, xyz→xzzx, xyz→xzzy, xyz→xzzz, xyz→yxxx, xyz→yxxy, xyz→yxxz, xyz→yxyx, xyz→yxyy, xyz→yxyz, xyz→yxzx, xyz→yxzy, xyz→yxzz, xyz→yyxx, xyz→yyxy, xyz→yyxz, xyz→yyyx, xyz→yyyy, xyz→yyyz, xyz→yyzx, xyz→yyzy, xyz→yyzz, xyz→yzxx, xyz→yzxy, xyz→yzxz, xyz→yzyx, xyz→yzyy, xyz→yzyz, xyz→yzzx, xyz→yzzy, xyz→yzzz, xyz→zxxx, xyz→zxxy, xyz→zxxz, xyz→zxyx, xyz→zxyy, xyz→zxyz, xyz→zxzx, xyz→zxzy, xyz→zxzz, xyz→zyxx, xyz→zyxy, xyz→zyxz, xyz→zyyx, xyz→zyyy, xyz→zyyz, xyz→zyzx, xyz→zyzy, xyz→zyzz, xyz→zzxx, xyz→zzxy, xyz→zzxz, xyz→zzyx, xyz→zzyy, xyz→zzyz, xyz→zzzx, xyz→zzzy, xyz→zzzz (sleep 4), xyz→xxxxx, xyz→xxxxy, xyz→xxxxz, xyz→xxxyx, xyz→xxxyy, xyz→xxxyz, xyz→xxxzx, xyz→xxxzy, xyz→xxxzz, xyz→xxyxx, xyz→xxyxy, xyz→xxyxz, xyz→xxyyx, xyz→xxyyy, xyz→xxyyz, xyz→xxyzx, xyz→xxyzy, xyz→xxyzz, xyz→xxzxx, xyz→xxzxy, xyz→xxzxz, xyz→xxzyx, xyz→xxzyy, xyz→xxzyz, xyz→xxzzx, xyz→xxzzy, xyz→xxzzz, xyz→xyxxx, xyz→xyxxy, xyz→xyxxz, xyz→xyxyx, xyz→xyxyy, xyz→xyxyz, xyz→xyxzx, xyz→xyxzy, xyz→xyxzz, xyz→xyyxx, xyz→xyyxy, xyz→xyyxz, xyz→xyyyx, xyz→xyyyy, xyz→xyyyz, xyz→xyyzx, xyz→xyyzy, xyz→xyyzz, xyz→xyzxx, xyz→xyzxy, xyz→xyzxz, xyz→xyzyx, xyz→xyzyy, xyz→xyzyz, xyz→xyzzx, xyz→xyzzy (Nothing happens), xyz→xyzzz, xyz→xzxxx, xyz→xzxxy, xyz→xzxxz, xyz→xzxyx, xyz→xzxyy, xyz→xzxyz, xyz→xzxzx, xyz→xzxzy, xyz→xzxzz, xyz→xzyxx, xyz→xzyxy, xyz→xzyxz, xyz→xzyyx, xyz→xzyyy, xyz→xzyyz, xyz→xzyzx, xyz→xzyzy, xyz→xzyzz, xyz→xzzxx, xyz→xzzxy, xyz→xzzxz, xyz→xzzyx, xyz→xzzyy, xyz→xzzyz, xyz→xzzzx, xyz→xzzzy, xyz→xzzzz, xyz→yxxxx, xyz→yxxxy, xyz→yxxxz, xyz→yxxyx, xyz→yxxyy, xyz→yxxyz, xyz→yxxzx, xyz→yxxzy, xyz→yxxzz, xyz→yxyxx, xyz→yxyxy, xyz→yxyxz, xyz→yxyyx, xyz→yxyyy, xyz→yxyyz, xyz→yxyzx, xyz→yxyzy, xyz→yxyzz, xyz→yxzxx, xyz→yxzxy, xyz→yxzxz, xyz→yxzyx, xyz→yxzyy, xyz→yxzyz, xyz→yxzzx, xyz→yxzzy, xyz→yxzzz, xyz→yyxxx, xyz→yyxxy, xyz→yyxxz, xyz→yyxyx, xyz→yyxyy, xyz→yyxyz, xyz→yyxzx, xyz→yyxzy, xyz→yyxzz, xyz→yyyxx, xyz→yyyxy, xyz→yyyxz, xyz→yyyyx, xyz→yyyyy, xyz→yyyyz, xyz→yyyzx, xyz→yyyzy, xyz→yyyzz, xyz→yyzxx, xyz→yyzxy, xyz→yyzxz, xyz→yyzyx, xyz→yyzyy, xyz→yyzyz, xyz→yyzzx, xyz→yyzzy, xyz→yyzzz, xyz→yzxxx, xyz→yzxxy, xyz→yzxxz, xyz→yzxyx, xyz→yzxyy, xyz→yzxyz, xyz→yzxzx, xyz→yzxzy, xyz→yzxzz, xyz→yzyxx, xyz→yzyxy, xyz→yzyxz, xyz→yzyyx, xyz→yzyyy, xyz→yzyyz, xyz→yzyzx, xyz→yzyzy, xyz→yzyzz, xyz→yzzxx, xyz→yzzxy, xyz→yzzxz, xyz→yzzyx, xyz→yzzyy, xyz→yzzyz, xyz→yzzzx, xyz→yzzzy, xyz→yzzzz, xyz→zxxxx, xyz→zxxxy, xyz→zxxxz, xyz→zxxyx, xyz→zxxyy, xyz→zxxyz, xyz→zxxzx, xyz→zxxzy, xyz→zxxzz, xyz→zxyxx, xyz→zxyxy, xyz→zxyxz, xyz→zxyyx, xyz→zxyyy, xyz→zxyyz, xyz→zxyzx, xyz→zxyzy, xyz→zxyzz, xyz→zxzxx, xyz→zxzxy, xyz→zxzxz, xyz→zxzyx, xyz→zxzyy, xyz→zxzyz, xyz→zxzzx, xyz→zxzzy, xyz→zxzzz, xyz→zyxxx, xyz→zyxxy, xyz→zyxxz, xyz→zyxyx, xyz→zyxyy, xyz→zyxyz, xyz→zyxzx, xyz→zyxzy, xyz→zyxzz, xyz→zyyxx, xyz→zyyxy, xyz→zyyxz, xyz→zyyyx, xyz→zyyyy, xyz→zyyyz, xyz→zyyzx, xyz→zyyzy, xyz→zyyzz, xyz→zyzxx, xyz→zyzxy, xyz→zyzxz, xyz→zyzyx, xyz→zyzyy, xyz→zyzyz, xyz→zyzzx, xyz→zyzzy, xyz→zyzzz, xyz→zzxxx, xyz→zzxxy, xyz→zzxxz, xyz→zzxyx, xyz→zzxyy, xyz→zzxyz, xyz→zzxzx, xyz→zzxzy, xyz→zzxzz, xyz→zzyxx, xyz→zzyxy, xyz→zzyxz, xyz→zzyyx, xyz→zzyyy, xyz→zzyyz, xyz→zzyzx (Soda Springs), xyz→zzyzy, xyz→zzyzz, xyz→zzzxx, xyz→zzzxy, xyz→zzzxz, xyz→zzzyx, xyz→zzzyy, xyz→zzzyz, xyz→zzzzx, xyz→zzzzy, and xyz→zzzzz. You could certainly argue about the utility of many of these operators individually, not to say their mental risk as attractive nuisances, but their mnemonic value is indisputable.
______
† Where do you get an old PostScript printer? At an exch meet.
: NOP DUP SWAP DROP ;
Also:
Q: How many Northern Californians does it take to change a lightbulb?
A: Hella!!!
Q: How many Southern Californians does it take to change a lightbulb?
A: Totally!!!
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6492j904
http://people.duke.edu/~eec10/hellanorcal.pdf
Hella Nor Cal or Totally So Cal?: The Perceptual Dialectology of California
Mary Bucholtz, Nancy Bermudez, Victor Fung, Lisa Edwards and Rosalva Vargas. Journal of English Linguistics 2007; 35; 325. DOI: 10.1177/0075424207307780
>Abstract
>This study provides the first detailed account of perceptual dialectology within California (as well as one of the first accounts of perceptual dialectology within any single state). Quantitative analysis of a map-labeling task carried out in Southern California reveals that California’s most salient linguistic boundary is between the northern and southern regions of the state. Whereas studies of the perceptual dialectology of the United States as a whole have focused almost exclusively on regional dialect differences, respondents associated particular regions of California less with distinctive dialects than with differences in language (English versus Spanish), slang use, and social groups. The diverse socio linguistic situation of California is reflected in the emphasis both on highly salient social groups thought to be stereotypical of California by residents and nonresidents alike (e.g., surfers) and on groups that, though prominent in the cultural landscape of the state, remain largely unrecognized by outsiders (e.g., hicks).
Extra credit question:
Can you locate the isogloss designating the "101" / "The 101" line?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isogloss
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zIklKPzND20&ab_channel=Satur...
OVER SWAP NIP. Trusted by more hackers.
Mean mean code
Today's Chuck Sawyer
Mean mean node
.
Though his stack is not for rent
Don't push dynamic environment
His compiler, a quiet defense
Riding out the stream of events —
The socket