Why Arabs Lose Wars (1999)

I don't know if we have any Arab military veterans on HN, but if so and they felt comfortable commenting, I would be fascinated to hear their take on:

1) was this broadly accurate in 1999

2) is this broadly accurate in 2021

>the well-known lack of trust among Arabs for anyone outside their own family adversely affects offensive operations.

This can basically summarize the entire problem of the middle east

About "discouraging initiative" , there is a line of thought that today's officers that show initiative are tomorrow's leaders of coup detat.

Especially when they fight each other.