The title of this pre-print paper: Who funded the research behind the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine?

Conclusion:

> Our study identified that public funding accounted for 97.1-99.0% of the funding towards the R&D of ChAdOx and the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. We furthermore encountered a severe lack of transparency in research funding reporting mechanisms.

Related Guardian report: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/apr/15/oxfordastraz...

From the above report, the researchers say:

> "We need to stop perpetuating the narrative in which the private sector and profit are the sole drivers of innovation, and recognise that the life-saving ChAdOx vaccine technology was developed with near total governmental and charitable funding."