Using CUDA also means it wouldn't be considered legitimately free enough, although folks are working on getting AMD ROCm into Debian.
Tensorflow isn't yet in Debian, but there may be folks working on it.
Another problem is that Debian doesn't have the hardware for doing training.
I'd encourage you to talk to the folks on the debian-ai mailing list and IRC channel to discuss these and other issues.
https://lists.debian.org/debian-ai/ ircs://irc.oftc.net/debian-ai