Maybe asdf? https://github.com/asdf-vm/asdf

You can whip up something pretty quickly as a shell wrapper and add to it as you need. I just threw this together: https://gist.github.com/peterwwillis/755002d6d3849af5bbc6cb8...

  $ cliv
  
  Usage: /home/vagrant/bin/cliv [OPTS]
         /home/vagrant/bin/cliv [-i] VERSION [CMD [ARGS ..]]
  Opts:
          -l              List versions
          -h              This screen
          -n              Create a new /home/vagrant/.cliv/VERSION
          -i              Clear current environment
  
  $ cliv -n tf012
  $ cliv -n tf013
  $ cliv -l
  tf012
  tf013
  $ cp terraform-v12 ~/.cliv/tf012/bin/terraform
  $ cp terraform-v13 ~/.cliv/tf013/bin/terraform
  $ cliv tf012 terraform
  Terraform v0.12.29
  $ cliv tf013 terraform
  Terraform v0.13.3
  $ cliv -i tf012
  PATH=/home/vagrant/.cliv/tf012/bin:/home/vagrant/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:
  /usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin
  PWD=/home/vagrant

That is a selling point of nix and docker, yes:) The catch is that doing it generically makes the whole thing more complicated (although I suspect nix and docker are more complex than is strictly required for that use case)