I think Clubhouse can fix this quite easily (limit the records returned in search!!!) and apply some harsher rate limits on a per-token basis (tokens never expire, that's another thing).
I think they relied a bit too much on certificate pinning. Once that's bypassed, it's relatively easy to query your way through the data. If you managed to grab someone else's token (which doesn't expire), you impersonate them (without logging the other session out), and continue to show up/talk in rooms using the Agora SDK as that person.
They also do upload phone numbers of the address book in clear-text (non-hashed), although I can see that there's not too much of a point because reverse-hashes can maybe work around this easily if not salted.