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It's still a thing: https://turbo.hotwire.dev/

HTML fragments are not all that less efficient than JSON on the wire, and they are much more CPU efficient for low-powered client devices.

I think you're referring to TurboLinks. TurboLinks is still around. Building on that technology and moving towards HTML over socket is https://hotwire.dev/

That would be TurboLinks. It's going strong, and has seen significant improvements over time. Especially when paired with something like Stimulus and/or Reflex and/or Hotwire, you can make some _very_ snappy feeling server-side rendered HTML. At this point, I won't even consider making SPAs for anything unless the product owner has an incredibly compelling reason.

If you're curious what the modern state of server-side HTML Rails can be from the user's perspective, head over to hey.com and sign up for their free trial.