That's great advice. I'll add it to my list of round-tripping German, and Japanese text with emojis, and changing the timezone.
I think I get the issues with the other two, but curious about the first thing!
For German, I'd assume it's just about the special characters (äöüß), ie testing that encodings are somewhat correct (at least beyond ASCII).
It will do a good job of pointing out places where you haven't built in adequate flexibility for longer words. It's not perfect of course, there are times when a translated word is shorter, but it is a nice real world test of the basic flexibility of your page layout.
In [8]: "ß".upper().lower()
Out[8]: 'ss'