Most of this happens if you 1) sign up for FB 2) install their app. If you don't do both of these things they can't track you, right?
Even if you don't sign up for FB, they get your contact information from your friends. (That might just be WhatsApp, but at least one of the two gives people the "opportunity" to upload their contact list to find matches.)
Sure, FB knows a lot less about me than they could, but keeping off their radar entirely is effectively impossible.
See Facebook "shadow profiles", data collected on persons either through third-party activity (though the profiled individual is on Facebook), OR on persons not using Facebook at all.
https://theconversation.com/shadow-profiles-facebook-knows-a...
https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/facebook-shadow-profiles-pr...