54% of San Francisco homes are in buildings that would be illegal to build today
sfzoning.deapthoughts.com
sfzoning.deapthoughts.com
That's how property ownership works, after all. Extending the same benefits to renters has a lot of obvious appeal even if it does nothing to fix overall price increase trends.
There's tons of ways to make housing affordable without resorting to policies that have been rejected almost unanimously by economists.
If someone is in a rent-controlled situation, they were simply lucky to get there first, and there is no mechanism in place for anybody else to rotate into that position.
In my early 20s I enjoyed challenging my friends on what they would do to make the city more affordable. Got a lot of proposals that essentially boiled down to “control who can live here, kick out everyone that doesn’t fit and cap the city’s population”. Don’t ask me how, I never got a straight answer whenever I pointed out the problems. People can express what they want, they can’t usually tell you how they would obtain it.
What are the problems?
[0] Unless the place is not actually worth striving to live in, but in that case you probably don't have a rent price problem.
Why is that a problem?
> if you start limiting the people, the ones remaining will most likely be the rich
Why is that a problem?
It doesn't achieve the goal, in fact further distances it.
Shelter is one of the few goods which a society necessarily needs. The alternatives (being homeless) are unacceptable. People give up food, electricity and healthcare before they give up shelter.
It's fine at a micro scale (oceanfront is expensive, but a few blocks away is affordable), but causes incredible problems at a macro scale as the bay area demonstrates (people not able to live within 50+ miles of their support networks). It is VERY hard to uproot an entire life and move to an area where cost of living is lower, especially when you are poor. People in poverty form informal local support networks (neighbors watching kids, friends that can loan you $5 to top up your phone), making it that much harder to move to a lower cost area.
This is like asking why high prices for food or health care are problems.
It's a necessity of life, man. Do we really need to explain why basic necessities being very expensive is bad?
The grand-grandparent stated:
> I enjoyed challenging my friends on what they would do to make the city more affordable.
So, when the solution results in increased pricing, his challenge was inherently failed.
Rent control and the heritability of Prop 13 are the best California can do to prioritize incumbents. They do work somewhat, but the next generation of natives is still as screwed as prospective migrants re: forming their own households in the place, at least while their parents are still alive.
There's a lot of places where very few people can afford to live. Like Manhattan for example.
> Cities and states can't privilege natives over migrants.
If native own property they can continue living there as long as they wish.
Provided they can afford to pay the ever-rising property taxes. Your take may apply in some places, but it is certainly not universal.
This is causing huge problems in Utah right now. Great if you have a house (or condo/etc) you don't want, bad if you have a house you like because you might get taxed out of it, terrible if you want a house. Every house and condo has dozens of unconditional cash offers on day one.
It's really a shame that any evenly applied attempt to privilege existing residents (not necessarily property owners) runs into legal issue.
Obviously we don’t always live up to that ideal. But this would be a big step in the wrong direction.
It's really bad for a community and a country when there is massive forced migration due to price pressure.
When new graduates are detached from their support networks, they have to pay more for things and services they could have shared with their family/friends/community. When new couples are detached from their support networks, they and their kids suffer from higher costs and reduced mentorship from extended family.
When there is a constant flux in and out, like I saw while I was living in SF, nobody has any commitment to the area, and nobody has lived there long enough to know what "normal" is.
When people who invest their entire lives into a community are forced out of it, and/or their kids are displaced by lucky rich in-migrants, you amplify people's natural defensiveness and, whatever points you may have had, they will oppose you on everything. Those communities are desirable places to live because of the years of time invested by those who came before, and they deserve not to be forced out by people with no prior stake.
When every avenue for just starting a life, let alone advancing it, is closed off to people, especially because of outsiders trouncing in with no appreciation for the history of a place, you have all the ingredients for revolt and revolution.
----
In places where there is ample land (like my native Utah), but supply targeted at natural growth can't keep up with in-migration and investor speculation, I would favor policies that significantly bias toward natives. Keeping churn low, but not zero, is absolutely essential for the health of communities.
- Favoring live-in owners over landlords, but still allowing for some renting
- Very strongly favoring live-in first-home owners over investors through tax, HOA, and zoning policy
- Breaking up the very large parcels currently owned by and being developed for billionaires -- hating on single-family housing is a scapegoat for this real issue
Mass internal migrations, like those that built the West in the first place, are an important part of American history. It is an incredible arrogance towards history to assert that now every town is the right size and everyone is in the right place, no more growth or movement.
It would be convenient if this were a financial problem, but it's a geometry problem. People are moving into boomtowns to actually live and work, they take up space, and if you don't add new space on the dimensions you have (e.g. vertical axis), the only possible result is to squeeze out others.
1. Picking who is worthy of living in San Francisco as determined by the City and County of San Francisco
2. Removing current residents that don’t fit the criteria
And 3. Controlling who may then migrate in?
You tell me, Ford. You tell me. I have faith that you can do it. I’ll give you exactly one hint: San Francisco is not a country.
No it is decided by the free market.
> 2. Removing current residents that don’t fit the criteria
Only those who rent. People who own property can continue to live there as long as they wish.
I apologize for the sarcasm in light of this. Cheers!
At that point where do they go? Presumably other cities will be allowed such caps so they can't move to those either.
Then there are historical population control tools like redlining, and racist applications of eminent domain used to remove "undesirable" (a euphemism for black) neighborhoods.
By placing a cap on population you ensure that the victims of that discrimination never have the opportunity to return to the places they used to live - and as an added bonus you get to claim that your policy isn't racist because it has no stated racial bias.
Say your rental lease is up, and the only place you can find to rent is Colma. Now you've left SF are you ever allowed to return. What if someone else moved into SF while you were away thus taking your position under the cap? Honestly if anything this possibly right here could easily cause rental and housing prices to go up even more.
Then there's SF's claim to be an open and welcoming multicultural city - you can't claim that well disallowing new residents, and so new cultures, from entering.
The only real way to reduce hoisin cost is to build more housing. Where and what type you build are the only actual questions that you need to answer.
I'm sure white trash neighbourhoods were not welcome there as well.
Anyway, I'm not ready to continue conversation where everything is considered racist, sorry.
Only, there are still racially restrictive covenants on many properties to this day. Yes, in San Francisco. Thankfully, they're unenforceable, but the evidence is writ large on the legal system. And no, they didn't forbid white people from living anywhere -- if you've got reams of evidence to contradict that, show it.
Deeper dive into the history:
https://haasinstitute.berkeley.edu/system/tdf/haasinstitute_...
Frisco isn't special here, for example, Seattle's timeline (including these covenants still being on the books) is pretty much the same
Don't we have birthrate below replacement levels?
Then suddenly it's not a good solution for him anymore.
Me: 'Please go ahead and convince that homeless person to go to a Doctor's office, after you set up the appointment, and then follow up to make sure they take their medicine every day.'
Complainer: 'Well, that is the job of a social worker, not me'
Me: 'Are you going to go hire the social worker and let them know that they need to do this?'
Complainer: 'That is the government's job, not mine'
Answer: 'So you are going to vote for someone who says they will fix this, and that is about all you are going to do?'
Complainer: 'I'm very busy'
Yes.
> Well, that is the job of a social worker, not me
Yes.
> That is the government's job, not mine
Yes.
>> So you are going to vote for someone who says they will fix this, and that is about all you are going to do?
Yes I will. I pay my taxes, it's not my fault the government wastes my money on the military and law enforcement. When there are candidates that pledge to fix this I donate to them and vote for them.
SanFrancisco spends lots on homeless programs [0], more than almost every city, but they are ineffective. So government is failing at this problem.
[0] https://sf.curbed.com/2019/12/19/21027974/san-francisco-home...
At some point you have to ask yourself what problem is supposed to be solved if people come up with ideas like that. I mean, the reason why affordable housing is a problem is precisely because lack of it kicks out people, controls who can live there and caps the city's population.
So basically you have a person that wants the symptoms of unaffordable housing but also the virtue signalling that they "solved" the problem. Considering the entire state of California is following the path of San Francisco this is not an answer.
The reason why people come up with nonsensical things like "induced demand" is because the entire housing market of California is under a prisoners dilemma. Staying silent is building housing. Betraying the other is not building and coming up with random ideas to sweep the problem under the rug. Everyone is betraying each other so any specific city who ends up building will face the brunt of the population growth. Every city has to build for this to work and that means statewide reforms in California.
You’re giving my friends too much credit. They just don’t like outsiders.
Most people, surprisingly, don’t take an engineering mindset to solving everything, nor do they want to, and even get offended if you do it too much. This past time of mine among many other things taught me that lesson the hard way.
So a few points on this:
1. Depends how you define overpopulation. Can we still feed all of us? Yes. Do we? No, because while we can easily grow enough food, 50% more than our current population at least, people still starve, just not due to lack of food in the world. I think when we get to the point that we’re seeing a mass die-off of humans because of resource exhaustion, you can start calling us overpopulated. This is not to discount the possibility that we may become overpopulated, but I don’t think we know where that threshold actually is yet.
2. That said, population does tend to level off once the people of a country are well off enough, and so some countries are facing population contractions. Even within countries which are technically growing, subsets of their populations have leveled off and part of the difference is being made up in immigration. We may never actually reach overpopulation if that trend continues.
3. This is the part I hate when discussing population concerns. Let’s throw away my arguments above that we are probably not overpopulated, and suppose you are right. Then what? Genocide? Eugenics? Voluntary societal suicide either directly or by mass scale vasectomy? Just do nothing until something gives?
Acceptance of the idea that there are too many people leads you down to a much more uncomfortable conversation.
Also: all of this is off-topic. San Francisco could support plenty more people. Both California and the United States grow enough food to be net exporters, and California specializes in cash crops. Doing so would require upzoning. Upzoning would lead to neighborhood change, and that’s really the thing San Franciscans are fighting against. Every single time the Earth’s population vs carrying capacity is brought up in the context of San Francisco’s seeming inability to build more homes, it is a distraction.
We could, but we make it as difficult and expensive as we can to keep people out because San Franciscans taken as a whole don’t like outsiders and don’t like change. We’re not the only populace or locality that doesn’t like these things, but we are some of the whiniest and most hypocritical.
It’s more of a desire to “keep housing affordable [for me without decreasing quality of life by attracting more people]”.
I recall seeing some article in which people were arguing that a council relaxing zoning laws to make more/cheaper housing possible was a "government taking" as it would reduce the value of their homes. Unfortunately I don't recall where/when so I can't guarantee it's not my mind merging unrelated stories.
Or (because it's insane) the onion :D
It's like how building wider freeways doesn't solve traffic. Demand is not independent of what has been built.
Simply going for growth-at-all-costs gets you a more crowded but still expensive city. That may be better for the people running the cities and their budgets, but it's not clear to me it's better for anyone else than having things spread out to more places across the state or country.
That seems an insanely dystopian outcome.
Edit: Just for comparison, the average two bedroom in San Francisco is $3500, and that's down $1000 from last year
The problem in the Bay Area isn't induced demand, almost by definition. Rather, the demand already exists, and that's precisely why costs keep skyrocketing despite very low supply growth. The only way out of the situation other than by increasing supply is to cut demand to live there by, e.g., bombing tech headquarters and unleashing roving bands of human culling robots so that people would have less motivation to move here.
An example of actual induced demand in the Bay Area might be homeless housing in San Francisco. Since circa 2005 SF has built enough units of homeless housing to house every homeless person enumerated in the circa 2005 homeless census. But the number of homeless on the street has stayed the same--which is to say, the total number of homeless has approximately doubled since that time, w/ half now living in city-built housing. Arguably this suggests that there may be something like a set carrying capacity of unsheltered homeless in the city, and no matter how many units of housing you provide, you'll always have that number of homeless on the streets.[1] Though, this is obviously just a conjecture. People argue vociferously about the origins and motivations of the homeless in SF. I certainly won't claim to have any concrete answers. But at least such a conjectured phenomenon would be consonant w/ the theory of induced demand.
[1] To be clear, the induced demand in this scenario is demand for the free housing units, not spots on the sidewalk.
If the costs are skyrocketing doesn't that mean demand has been going up, not that it already existed at these levels?
How many more tech offices are in SF now than fifteen years ago? Has the city's commercial growth policies been considering in sync with their residential growth policies? Or have they let the one fan the flames of the other? They should've preemptively bombed the tech headquarters, to tweak your suggestion. ;)
But my money says that even if they had unleashed a bunch more residential construction fifteen years ago, it would've only been accompanied by even more business and commercial growth. Coastal hub cities have a fundamental demand aspect with how cheap cross-country (or even global) travel is these days - there is a lot of built-in appeal that's going to attract people there, even if only for second homes or investment housing, etc, and keep a lot of pressure on the price floor.
AFAIU, San Francisco has built more market and non-market housing than any other city in the Bay Area, despite being geographically quite small. Unfortunately, that's a relatively low bar in the context of the Bay Area considering so many cities just refuse to up-zone anything, or approve projects in up-zoned areas.
Have we consider the use of organic cullers instead?
It is easy, there is no absolutely no desire to keep housing "affordable" by anyone that owns property in SF.
This is a problem through the US. Property owners vote and do things that are in their favor while renters and people that are trying to enter the market scream it is too expensive.
Imagine fitting an extra 100K people without adding any buildings higher than 3 stories.
TLDR: I would rather have SF as it is now (because i like it now and dislike change) than an affordable SF. "Manhattanization" is worse than the attempt of keeping it affordable.
I would rather (to a limit) have an expensive SF than an SF that has more people in it. The manhattanization is not likely to drive down prices significantly. I read a article (cant find source) that said there would need to be ~4x the number of rental units in the city before prices fell meaningfully due to supply/demand. Even if the actual number isn't true, demand is so high that i don't believe any achievable increase in housing would help at any meaningful way.
If you accept the premise that prices won't go down (this is an assumption of course), you need to consider if more people would be better. Of course more people can enjoy it, and that is good, but here is why i think it will make the city a worse city:
SF is great in many ways. There are so many parks, all so close together so its very fun and walkable. So many restaurants and shops all so close. Walking SF is a joy compared to many cities, where most of SF is great for walking while some cities only have a few neighborhoods that are great for walking. This is my opinion on SF, not all agree.
The "manhattanization" of SF would destroy some of that by changing the "street view" details of the city. Sure, its just more people and likely no fewer "things", but bigger facades that change less "per foot" are more boring - bigger buildings tend to have fewer doors and things per foot of sidewalk frontage. Not universally true, but often true. Also, SF has some great historic architecture, and that would get lost as new building destroy the existing "feel" of a neighborhood. Some neighborhoods this would be good, but some are great how they are, and new buildings should improve not deteriorate the beauty of the city.
But museums are full of dead things.
I think i may have overstate the "save the old". Its not just about age, although we should save nice things that are old. Its primarily that "big" buildings (new or old) tend to be less human-scale than smaller ones (new or old).
Ok, but this requires governments to build competitive cities where the less well off can thrive. The way California is going is that literally every city is thinking the exact same thing you just said. There is nowhere to go.
and they are absolutely correct that this gentrifying transplant (aka anybody that signs a new lease, shrug) would find San Francisco unappealing
I mean I find it unappealing now too, but would have found it more so unappealing
Every single currently desirable neighborhood was an undesirable neighborhood within the last 30 years. "But the culture and the artists are gone" yeah, so is a gigantic abandoned highway through Hayes Valley replaced by ice cream shops eeeeeverywhere. There isn't a coherent consensus, just angst.
This kind of thing is true of many (most?) cities in the US.
(Well, I don't know about every desirable neighborhood. Pacific Heights is going to be nice on either side of 30 years.)
If you go to a lot of cities in between coasts the revitalization of downtown areas is most definitely a "last decade or two" trend.
Remember that New York nearly went bankrupt in the 70s. Then the crack epidemic in the 80s. Crime was much worse and cities were seen as undesirable.
They can disagree about it sure, but it should't be remotely hard to 'understand'.
America is a very large places, there are tons of places for people to build out and build up if that's a primary issue.
The most vertical city in the US - NYC - is one of the least affordable.
In fact - the 'most dense' places tend to be the least affordable, paradoxically.
So even in the event affordability becomes a primary concern, even then the answers may not be more obvious.
More than likely getting different companies to move to adjacent areas might be a more suitable problem to the affordability crisis.
Surely Morgan Hill, Pleasanton, Fremont or Santa Rosa could equally opt to 'build up'.
If SF residents want to knock down homes to build parks, or build skyscrapers, all the power to them.
Our national housing stock is FULL of places with narrow winding stairs, lead paint, full flow toilets and shower heads, untempered glass, single pane windows, uninsulated walls or ceilings, ungrounded outlets, undersized plumbing, sketchy chimneys, springy floors, etc.
I'm surprised the number isn't closer to 80-90%, especially with the recent energy efficiency rules.
The arguments generally given are to show that we're preventing building for density, pointing out NIMBYism, etc, but even if we were doing the polar opposite, the same would be true:
If you have a town that's all single family, and zoning rules pass that any and all buildings MUST be 3+ stories, then all the existing houses wouldn't be allowed under current zoning laws. The fact that they're not allowed under current zoning rules is irrelevant. The question is only if the new zoning rules are good for what you want to see or not.
In contrast, SFH-only zoning is exclusionary.
But my point is saying "X amount of homes would be illegal to build" is completely pointless and just meant to rile people up. OF COURSE most buildings are illegal to build today. We don't build like we use to for a variety of reasons. Even if you forget about building code, there's also rules around minimum amount of affordable units that older buildings didn't need to follow. Zoning is a specific one and yes, it's often problematic and regressive. Let's focus on that.
Where are we taking this conversation now? Yes, it would be impossible to use the same physical piece of lumber in two houses at the same time.
After that, all you have to deal with are the NIMBYs. Le sigh.
[1] - https://books.google.com/books?id=GiAa8pLrSTIC&lpg=PA45&lr&p...
20%? Maybe in a few pockets. 60%? Never seen it. Even the crummy parts of Daly City the homes are $1M now.
Daly City fits, since $1M is 77% of $1.3M -- not that I'd particularly like living in Daly City, but it is 23% less than buying in SF.
San Mateo median price is the same as SF, so, obviously, you don't look there for home bargains.
Seriously, just troll Redfin or Realtor.com sometime.
Edit: my bad re: 60%. I should be looking at $520k homes. There are definitely places in worthwhile neighborhoods in that range in Richmond. I've seen them. But, if you revise that number down to 40%, a lot of stuff opens up. So, 20-40% is a better range than 20-60%.
Imagine cities both 20 times the size of SF, and being one fifth vacant.
They do it because it's the best way to invest their savings, so new apartments are usually spoken for before they're even built and often unoccupied until they're sold again.
Housing in the US doesn't have nearly the same speculative force behind it.
Still, the fact stands as mindboggling as it is — China has few Californias of empty housing, and a ridiculous housing price runaway at the same time.
(Similarly, I wonder how many are off market because it’s so difficult to evict problem tenants.)
Edit: Actually 44% to be precise.
San Francisco can build more housing to accommodate a higher population or let its poorest citizens get priced out. Either way people will not stop coming.
At best we might see a slight cooling in the rise in already absurd prices for property out here.
[0] The 2008 recovery happened within 3 quarters...
How do you think zoning laws came into place?
Though, some of the more famous court cases that later secured broad zoning powers evinced mixed motivations clearly implicating class tensions.
I once took a Land Use seminar in law school. My professor, as well as numerous authors on the subject, always seemed incredulous and even cynical about professed concerns w/ tuberculosis and similar health concerns. But over the years since I've lost count the number of times I've come across non-legal historical writing directly or indirectly reflecting fears about tuberculosis, the prevalence of miasma theory, etc, so I no longer second guess the earnestness of those early regulations and court cases.
The powerful will always coopt laws and institutions to their advantage. That's almost the definition of power--the capability to do that. It's unavoidable. That dynamic doesn't by itself negate, post hoc, the original legitimacy of those laws and institutions. Of course, earnestness alone doesn't justify them at inception, either.
Those people have no voting rights in the City.
How can someone say with a straight face that it's unjust people who don't live in a jurisdiction have no say in how it's run?
AFAICT, no one said it was unjust that nonresidents don’t vote in city elections. It was raised as a reason the policy was unlikely to be changed at the city level, because the people adversely effected aren’t voters in the city.
My 1997 airplane was built on a type certificate first issued in 1956 (under CAR-3 regulations) and amended to include my model in 1969. Many regulations changed between 1969 and 1997. Beechcraft could build one today under that type certificate, even though they couldn't get that exact type certificate newly issued today (CAR-3 has been replaced by Part 23 requirements).
I can totally understand the flow thing--less flow means longer, more annoying shower.
I've found that the soft white LED bulbs are a tolerable replacement for full spectrum incandescent. I stick with LED because I'm lazy and I don't have to change them as frequently.
However, when the LED bulbs DO go out they do the flickering thing which is maddening. I'd prefer incandescent's total failure to produce light over the flickering fail mode any day of the week.
I don't go around replacing all my lightbulbs, but my bedroom and living room? Absolutely.
My house from 1890 scored 10 for 10 on your list. I addressed about half of them over the decades, but the other half are just, "It's ok, we'd do it better if we did it over." The additions and any bits "touched" have to meet current code, but the old parts are allowed to be what they are.
I don't feel it detracts from my living experience at all. (I did take care of the "this can kill you" part of the list as well as most of the single pane windows and uninsulated areas.)
A couple of the code mandated changes are definitely negatives, as are a couple of "slightly off" construction problems which required space wasting and slightly dangerous constructs in the house instead of just accepting that the wall at the bottom of the stairs is 2 inches closer than code allows.
Sommerville, Ma is a city of 80,000; 22 buildings meet the zoning code[0].
[0] https://cityobservatory.org/the-illegal-city-of-somerville/
It probably is with all the work that was done without permits.
Does a great job of painting how decades of decision making led to this point despite decades of warnings.
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/05/19/upshot/forty-...
For fun one time, some friends and I checked the modern basic lot requirements against our homes, and every single one of us failed some check.
Almost everyone had issues with setback, some were footprint to lotsize ratios, and one minimum lot size.
The city just found a massive plot of undeveloped land (hugedefunct corporate campus is being developed) and we're all kinda curious how different those homes are going to look, being the first major development of new homes in the city in quite some time.
https://kinder.rice.edu/2015/09/08/forget-what-youve-heard-h....
Actually, it's probably harder to build low cost units because bankers prefer a higher upside and psychologically tend to identify more with wealth than poverty...I mean people usually don't go into banking to alleviate poverty, misery, and suffering...although I have known bankers and they were all pretty decent people. It's just that their day to day work was serving wealth.
Of course developers are going to build for what generates the most revenue.
I recently became a home-owner, and while I live in a place that is undeniably in a housing crisis, I don't want 'them' to make drastic changes to housing policy now that I have most of my net worth tied into a home. From a clinically logical perspective, I fully support drastic changes that would make building more and denser housing MUCH easier. Just -ya know- not so close to my back yard.
Preventing building a 50 stories skyscraper in the middle though? Obviously not gonna happen, but if it did, can the infrastructure, the sewers, the streets take it? Is it just going to make thousands of people miserable, can the schools take it? Obviously this is a silly extreme case, but there's plenty of borderline situations that aren't super cut and dry.
Having SOME zoning in certain areas makes sense. Of course the ones discussed in this case aren't for these reasons, and they're probably bad. There's still a lot of subtleties to that problem space.
I'm not from U.S but why would black people decrease property values? Isn't this really about poor people (that in the U.S are more likely to be black) decrease property values?
Here's an example of the same house in the same neighborhood being appraised much higher when the appraiser didn't know there was a black occupant:
https://www.ktvb.com/article/news/nation-world/jacksonville-...
Money quote: "... because in the Black community, it’s just common knowledge that you take your pictures down when you’re selling the house."
"White communities are more likely to have strict land use regulations (and whites are more likely to support those regulations).[25][26] Strict land use regulations are an important driver of housing segregation along racial lines in the United States.[25]"
Further reading: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-s...
But also, the point is that SF keeps changing the rules. Places that don't change the rules as often won't have this problem.
I've lived in newer homes over the last couple of decades. It's awesome to have smoke detectors in every room, grounded outlets, GFCI outlets, well-insulated windows and exterior walls, firewalls, plenum-rated cables, safe and easy-to-maintain plumbing.
The market would've only demanded a subset of these improvements. And the least expensive builders would've just built residences without them.
Also, newer homes are amazing in terms of heath retention and isolation. Having lived in buildings from before the war with either none of very little isolation.or even worse, i once lived in a home with a split in the wall thanks to a WW2 bmobin raid. The crack was not an issue in regards to the structural integrity, but it made isolation mood.
It's just regulation promoting low density is bad.
Libertarians love this example to troll the statist left that the state can't be trusted to control things wisely, but I'm just happy to hope undoing these things can be bipartisan, because the real estate lobby is so strong it's needed.
Most dangerous regulations are taken quite seriously however, Electrics are usually old(80's and later) but not ancient(pre-ww2 - reconstruction).
Water and gas supply is usually in good order because of the strict laws regarding those regulations.
That’s the refrain.
The places that are not built up get borders around them too. Those places are zoned for a particular use based on the wild ass guess of some elected officials. Since those elected officials cannot see the future, those wild ass guesses are often wrong.
I suppose you could go to smaller cities/towns and say that it would also be illegal to build apartments there - but the types of houses in suburban towns built 50 years are still very legal today.
A title like "Zoning laws explicitly forbid increasing density" or something would be more interesting/accurate. Saying "X% of houses would be illegal OMGZ!", while true, is not particularly productive as it implies its bad, but the a solution using zoning to increase density could have the exact same headline.
I'm fairly certain you could buy an apartment building in Manhattan, demolish it, and build a picket-fence house there. It was just lose you tens or hundreds of millions of dollars so no one has done it.
From what I can tell the way that interactive was constructed it would also highlight a lot if it fell into the category you mentioned but I can't find any where this is the case. It is a one-side problem and to pretend like it is two-sided is a bit detached from reality.
And then there was Isla del Sol. Dredged from Boca Ciega Bay, it destroyed the incredibly productive fishery and is the reason the ACoE became involved in reviewing projects for environmental impact.
That's they way cities are. They build and learn.
(More than 90% of people who drank water have died.)
I don't think status quo is the only reason. Property values near more dense development are likely to suffer.