Every bitcoin in existence has its history tracked back to it's origin on every single bitcoin node.

There is an optimization for some clients to to pare down that history, but, in general, when you start up a bitcoin node, you have the history of every bitcoin ever created and all of it's transactions that occurred after it.

This history, in fact, is how you can be confident that the bitcoin is authentic - unless you have greater than 50% of the computing power of the network, you can't substitute an alternative history which would result in the coin landing in your hands.