> I get driven away by the difficulty and complexity to do simple things (thinking of annotations, dependency injection, complicated design patterns). It feels like an effort of one hour of Node or Python programming (or even Go) would take 10x more in Java.

You are comparing stuff that is super helpful on large project with how to be quick in 1 hour by one person. If I have 1 hour long project in java, I wont use complicated design patterns. If I dont need Spring Boot or dependency injection, I wont use them. I am not sure what you mean by complicated annotations tho.

In Java, if all what you want is a method that processes some data, you wont use any of that and will just do a class or something like that. So if python have better methods to achieve whatever you want to achieve out of the box, it will be somewhat faster. But it will have zero to do with annotations.