It’s interesting to note and probably underappreciated how many of these safety issues are addressed simply by having a garbage collector — eliminating manual memory management prevents all of these kinds of bugs except for data races. Of course there are situations where you cannot afford a GC, but for how many programs is avoiding a GC worth all the additional language complexity? Preventing data races is no small thing, but this observation certainly suggests that the approach of GC + tasks & channels + a good race detector is more powerful than it is commonly given credit for — think about how much user-facing language complexity it replaces. This sounds like a pitch for Go, and to some extent it is, but Julia takes very much the same approach for the same reasons.