- neuronal network / synapses
- microtubule network in inside the neurons
- now RNA recently joined the competition
As microtubules are protein, so made from RNA, this experiment can not exclude microtubules
My guess: everything plays a role: individual neurons encode internally bits of information (like an inode), while the multidimensional network of neurons creates the structure (like the filesystem), while electrical impulses on the network are commands (like software) both made from files, and accessing some other files.
The more advanced animals have more advanced filesystems with partial RAID1 mirroring (experiences removing fully one hemisphere) and caching (we know that's mostly the cerebellum job for movements).
Sleep is both a log replay/filesystem scrub and defrag (committing memories to long term storage if they are frequently accessed)