Verified Netflix engineer offer at $890k in total compensation
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It also makes me wonder if this phenomena isn't new, but what is new is that we have anonymous verified salary survey sites to share it. I know some folks (friends of my parents, or parents of my friends) who were rainmakers at HP and Cisco. They would always just answer "A lot" when asked how much they made, but they lived in $2-3M+ homes a decade ago, before all the homes in the Bay Area started going for that much.
This individual is likely being paid this amount because of their ability to identify and solve difficult problems. There aren't guardrails for that sort of thing.
As to their replaceability, I think it's a case of it being a safe option. This person has proven themselves, through their experience, that they are worth this amount. There may be others out there who can do the same work but they haven't "proven" themselves.
Whether the value obtained from an engineer paid this amount is worth it is another question. Are they providing twice the value of an engineer paid $445k? Maybe not, but this person is in a better place to negotiate.