ArmorPaint: An open source physically-based texture painting software
armorpaint.org
armorpaint.org
Fun fact, ArmorPaint is written in haxe which is still a relatively niche language but well worth a look into for building cross-platform apps
Rendering algorithms are more like an artistic bag of tricks. The "physically based" implies the tricks are approximating the visual acuity of realistic scenes with physics inspired approximations and the like.
This is in contrast to more oldschool approaches that were fully dependent on tweaking things until they looked right - ie., taking blinn-phong in a scene with some 'ambient lighting' and operating in fully imaginary units, modified by an artist on scene-by-scene basis.
Interesting to see an open source project in this traditionally high-end boutique market. I think comparable tools include BodyPaint 3D ($995), Substance Painter ($150+), 3DCoat ($99+), and maybe ZBrush ($895) and Mudbox ($7-10 / month).
When I see what textures look like, independent of the model, it's hard to imagine creating them without some kind of painting interface like this.
(Disclaimer: this isn't an area I know anything about.)