Is it also possible that a shorter window would allow less number of features being in flux in each release? Perhaps that actually leads to easier bug triaging, etc.
Disclaimer: Work at Google, but not on Chrome.
If you release two changes at once and a bug appears, you look at those two changes.
If you release ten changes at once and a bug appears, you have ten things to look into.
In either case, you do a bugfix release, but finding the source of the bug is much easier if you do smaller releases.
In this case, 2 weeks cuts a month off your "2orst" case delivery timeframe.
One important thing would be security updates.
Chrome also has mechanisms that feed back into core Google businesses, so this also might improve Google's ability to iterate on those faster, gather feedback and make business decisions faster, etc.
Personally I want to avoid Google's "core business" as much as possible, so if that's a major reason for this change then it's even more motivation to stay off of Chrome.
(This is all speculation, since Google doesn't really have any credibility to me anymore, so I won't believe any official reasons they have for doing this.)