Good read. Is there a similar take on how proof-of-stake can work (for example current sketch of Ethereum Casper protocol)?
It was founded by ETH co-founder Charles, who formed an academia network of CS PhD researchers to deal with 3rd gen blockchain problems and solutions.
It is 3rd gen blockchain built to handle the problems of ethereum and other blockchains that came prior.
https://docs.cardano.org/en/latest/explore-cardano/relevant-...
Casper the Friendly Finality Gadget: https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.09437
Combining GHOST and Casper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.03052
A very simple summary is that it's a fairly traditional consensus protocol, in which if anyone breaks the rules it's possible to prove who did it and penalize them by burning their stake. It achieves scale by using aggregated signatures.