1. You mentioned loans, and I mentioned debts. Debts matter at least as much as taxes as a source of demand for fiat currency, since the government can "reassign" the ownership of property if debts are not repaid and the government will always determine debt payments in terms of its fiat currency.
2. Suppose the money is only distributed to citizens in the form of salaries. What do they do with it? Why does anyone they do business with -- merchants, landlords, whoever -- want it? One of the reasons why taxes and debt laws work well is that they are immediately relevant to almost everyone in a country (anyone who owns property owes property tax; anyone with a business loan must make their loan payments; etc.).
3. Suppose a country relies on resource wealth to stimulate demand for its currency. That country will compete in the global market for those resources and the demand for its currency, and thus the value of the currency, will fluctuate according to market forces. The price volatility would be a huge problem for the citizens of the country as they tried to use the currency in their daily lives.
So while in theory, under very particular circumstances, such a thing would be possible, in practice it would probably not last long. Volatility, weird distortions in demand, and other issues would render the currency hard to use and reduce its value in the local market.