Lack of Entrepreneurial Culture Seen as Europe’s Biggest Obstacle
blogs.wsj.com
blogs.wsj.com
Well, in this particular case, they may very well be right. But things like this really bother me: "traditional engineering-driven approach to business, with its emphasis on perfection, longevity, pride in ingenuity and culture of deep-thinking put the country at a competitive disadvantage in the fast-moving new economy". Really ? That's all he had to say about what made Germany an economic powerhouse on par only with Japan ? Oh, what we need then are more social media experts, I'm sure, to drive value creation through synergistic customer discovery. I'm pretty sure he's beating on a strawman here.
Also, the last piece of candy: 'The so called “poor countries,” such as Brazil, have this hunger. They are going to catch up on us.'
And how is that a bad thing ? Good for them.
I'm not anti/pro america/europe. I'm also not very good at geography, but are you talking about the same Europe as I think you are? Are you suggesting that Europe, as a whole, is an economic model to follow right now? Or when you say Europe do you really just mean Germany ?
Like US could be defined as federation of countries striving to become like NewFornia.
America's different, we're one country.
Those problems aside, we could do a lot worse than modeling europe, way less gas usage, higher health insurance coverage, 2 months of vacation a year. Sounds a lot more stable to me.
Ever seen the numbers on how much of your car's sticker price paid for health insurance? If we spent less on the health insurance, we'd be more efficient, right?
How much money we shipping straight to Saudi Arabia in gas usage? If we could get the same stuff done on less gas, that'd be more efficient, right?
The 2 months of vacation is just a bonus.
And roughly half the gdp/person of the US.
The US govt already collects about as much (per person) in taxes as European govts. (It collects significantly more than Canada and, iirc, slightly less than France.) Yet, no one would seriously argue that we get anywhere near the same level of benefit for that spending.
As long as the US govt is that inefficient, it's absurd to suggest giving it more money.
I believe govt revenues adjusted for PPP is the quantity you are looking for.
Not saying that automatically everything done by Europe is better than everything done in the US.. but mindless rah rah just leads to myopia. Let's steal good ideas where we can.
Actually, I didn't say anything about how taxes are collected.
However, I will point out that even when the US had significantly higher rates, the feds never managed to collect more than 22% of GDP in taxes and even those two years were "unstable", in that folks adjusted their behavior.
The sustainable maximum appears to be around 21%, and even that isn't possible during a recession.
> Netherlands was explained to me as "25% up to 100k, 50% on income over that". That's fair, simple and actually a lower rate for the vast majority of people.
No, it's not a lower rate for "the vast majority". It's actually a significantly higher rate for the vast majority.
Most employed folks in the US don't pay income taxes. They pay SS, which has very progressive payback, so it's actually a good "investment" for folks who don't pay income taxes. They also pay medicare, but again, their benefits outweigh their costs.
So, 25% (up to 100k) would be a huge increase for most Americans. 50% is higher than the current highest marginal rate, so anyone paying it would also see an increase.
I don't remember where the 30% bracket kicks in, but if it's less than 100k, maybe there are some folks who'd pay less under your scheme, but they're not anywhere near a majority.
> Let's steal good ideas where we can.
I agree, but until we "steal" the good ideas related to efficient govt spending, better taxation is a disaster.
Personally, I'd be in favor of a simplified tax rate with a flat/progressive system that doesn't have an encyclopedia built into it. You might be in favor of a slightly different version of that non-encyclopedia but we're basically on the same side. Rush Limbaugh is trying to divide us -- who's side is he on?
EDIT: btw, most people with under 100k of income in the US pay significantly more than 25%, closer to 40%. Do you think they should pay more? Or less?
No, I didn't. I wrote that the US govt should be more efficient.
> btw, most people with under 100k of income in the US pay significantly more than 25%, closer to 40%.
That's not true. See http://www.taxbrackets2011.com/ . Singles with AGIs between $83-173k pay 28% marginal. The 25% bracket (for singles) starts at $34k.
No, you don't get to count SS. As I explained, SS is a forced savings plan with a rather good return for folks who don't max out, which happens over $100k. (They're subsidized by folks who do max out.) You can argue medicare, but it's <4%.
You just argued "If I take the tax rate, and subtract 15%, I get 28%". That's ridiculous.
And, nobody in SS is subsidized by anyone -- those who max out don't pay any more beyond the max.
I pay the City of San Jose for garbage services - is that a tax? Of course not.
SS isn't a tax because the benefits are (roughly) in proportion to what you pay?
> And, nobody in SS is subsidized by anyone -- those who max out don't pay any more beyond the max.
Do you really misunderstand this or are you just being annoying?
For low-income/low-contribution folks, the ROI for their SS "contributions" is positive. The ROI for high-income/high-contribution folks is negative. The positive return for the low-income folks is the money that the high-income folks lose.
On the off-chance that you think that SS problems can be solved by removing the cap, I'll explain why SS advocates introduced it. They wanted a system that had popular support and didn't encourage organized opposition. For popular support, they wanted to cap payouts. To avoid organized opposition, they wanted roughly proportional payouts.
If you want uncapped contributions, do you want uncapped payouts? If so, you get to explain why Ross Perot gets $300k/year. If not, you get to defend a program that is a significant tax on folks who are very good at fighting taxes.
I didn't say anything about uncapping SS. And I know my history, thanks.
Right, and America hasn't been running up huge debts with the credibility of being the US and having the world's reserve currency?
The state is the source of and solution to all of their problems, and this interferes with their willingness to depend on each-other for support. People will much more readily look to the state for the answers to their problems than to themselves or their peers.
I can only take such an attitude in small doses before I have to leave and breathe some fresh air of freedom and self-determination back stateside. I appreciate the sense of community and interdependence that comes from the state taking a back seat in people's lives. If we have a problem, then the answer is often to address it ourselves rather than petition the state for a solution. Chances are we're not the only ones to feel that way, and help from our peers will materialize from the bottom up.
[1] http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/GOVT65A-eng.htm [2] http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/lfss01a-eng.htm
That's maybe ~15%.
I don't have numbers on full/part-time work of government employees so I'm using the basis that $53K average salary[1] implies that nearly most are full-time, given that the average income overall is about that amount (edit: wow, it's totally not[4]).
Some more information. The average hourly wage for full-time employees is $24.72 across the entire population [2]. The same data shows that the average hourly wage for both part-time (25 and older) and full time is $24.89. This is not apples to apples, just giving you some expectation on what you can expect for a professional workforce that works both part-time and full-time.
Assuming, then, that full time is 2000 hours (40hrs/week*50weeks), the average hourly wage for part-time and full-time government employees works out to $26.55 [3].
So based on that information, I am comfortable saying that an insignificant number of government employees are part-time or they are excessively overpaid.
Further, I am then comfortable saying that 27% of the Canadian full-time workforce works directly for the government.
Not good for progress.
Edit: updated 100 times to clarify.
[1] http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/govt62a-eng.htm
[2] http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/labr69a-eng.htm
Disclosure: I am Brazilian.
They might, but it will take much longer than anyone expects. The truth is that Europe has a lot of advantages when compared to countries like Brazil, India, etc.
1) Working institutions, including the rule of the law. Don't get me started about the ineptitude and incompetence of Brazilian police and courts.
2) A notion of what good governance means, at least outside of Italy and the PIGS. Patronage is so widespread and accepted here that this word doesn't even have a direct translation.
3) Culture and I don't mean classical erudition, but basic literacy.
4) A working credit industry. Only farmers and people with connections in the government can get easy credit in here. For all others the interest rates are a rip-off.
Also, few people realize that some of the problems Europe has (decreasing population) are already arriving here; so it is possible that we get old before we get rich.
Yet here we are and looking around my neighborhood in Oregon I see VWs, Audi's, Mercedes and Porsches, our dishwasher is a Bosch and any serious Oregonian owns a Stihl chainsaw.
While I agree that a shocking number of young Germans (and likely other Europeans) are looking for the security of a "Beamter" (civil servant) job, there are definite pros to the German system and I think to keep the balance maybe it's not so bad we have countries with different systems.
Here in the USA almost everyone is an amateur at almost everything we do and that breeds excellence from a few but also a lot of shoddy work. In Germany it's the opposite, the general skill level in industry, science and even culture is relatively high but there are few international standouts.
I think software and software entrepreneurship is particularly well suited to the American system.
Interestingly, in my work as an embedded systems engineer there are a lot of German companies offering development tools (Keil and Hitex come to mind) and other specialty hardware. Not everyone has to develop the next Groupon or Facebook, there are a lot of other possibilities.
Well, depending on which bit of Oregon they're from, they might abhor the idea of a device to "denude mother gaia's old growth forests" or something to that effect...
Said as someone who grew up in Oregon.
It's part of the reason I think a lot of people over the decades(/centuries) who call for the US to be more a clone of Europe are calling for a really bad idea; it's more than just OK for there to actually be different types of countries, but they actually support each other and make each side wealthier. Diversity, real diversity involving significant differences, is good.
I think the American system is more for me. But I'm happy there is both. Unfortunately there is also a trend in Germany to become more American.
http://www.oftwominds.com/blogjune11/manufacturing-finance6-...
They strike me as a ludicrous 'pay to play' scheme. The old standard is that you have to buy a $2500 dev kit for every developers, and that standard has kept the individuals and enthusiasts out. OEM's ought have full design files for multiple reference board available, and sell implementations for something like cost.
Much of this trenchant multi-level commercialism (developer kit company, silicon company) was natural for the way the software tooling used to work; one off debugging interfaces (also frequently $1000+) talking to each vendor's proprietary compilation/debugging toolchain, booting each vendor's own bootcode and running drivers developed by the vendor.
Thankfully the open source stack is getting better. Another commenter discussed a sustainable bicycle part company ( http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2629346 ), and I see a similar parallel in that chip companies ought be investing in sustainable openly accessible tooling. SoC and high speed serial radically simplify many aspects of board design, chip companies ought be actively promoting the other side of easy accessibility & be working to produce open source drivers, facilitate tool support from the likes of OpenOCD, uBoot, &c, and doing every thing they can to reduce barriers to entry.
Eclipse-GCC-GDB with open-source JTAG dongles is a great way to get started for very little investment. So is Arduino for the lower end.
The big investement tends to be around high-end debug tools like trace probes and debuggers. It would be great to have an open-source trace probe for Cortex.
I especially laughed at the line that perfectionism and proper engineering are bad for startups. This explains a lot. (Yes, when it comes to selling stuff that doesn't work and you don't need in the first place, Europe has a lot to learn. Every service-based industry does better in the US.)
Meanwhile, the amount of companies founded per year is on a steady rise, so there is a entrepreneurial movement, it's just different. Not saying that either approach is perfect, don't get me wrong. It's just that I don't get those "Europe is worse because it doesn't have companies like Facebook" articles.
Neither Europe nor the US has lots sweat shops with Asian conditions, are we both now hopelessly behind this and should mend our ways?
Basically, the speaker was just throwing some cliches into the room, whether they fit or not. He might as well have said that Germans don't get anything done because they spend so much time to listen to the Hoff.
Rohloff make a product as finely engineered as any swiss watch, but in doing so create an anti-consumerist product. Their product is built to last forever and usually does. While their Japanese, American and Italian competitors battle to create ever more fragile "racing" components and strive for ever increasing levels of built-in obsolescence, Rohloff obstinately refuse to make anything the most durable and reliable product.
If we measure the wellbeing of society purely in terms of GDP, Rohloff are a disaster; But the only way for Rohloff to improve profitability would be for them to throw their customers under the bus. There is nothing left to improve in a Rohloff Speedhub - it is for all practical purposes perfect. Any possible "improvement" would benefit the marketers, not the customer.
I prefer Mercedes and BMW to Cadillac and Lincoln. I would rather see my country emulate Germany than America.
While I admire companies who make products that last forever, most people aren't that interested in spending a ton of money on something that will last forever. If you're sure you're going to be using your bike for 70+ years, $1000 isn't a bad investment. If you're like most people, you probably bike once every few months, if that, and the cheap US/Chinese/Japanese products are probably fine.
It's not fair to compare companies that are competing on price with companies that are competing on quality. For most people, "ok" and "cheap" are good enough.
For this particular consumer, in the marketplace, it's fair enough :)
And if it's unfair, bad luck.
From my perspective it makes sense to compare companies in order that I understand the differences between them. I would have to try hard not to compare them.
Sorry, I'm not trying to be obtuse.
In relation to the point about Rohloff as a metaphor for the Germany vs America emulation, I think the comparison would be quite useful.
If you're like most Americans. In much of Europe, cycling is seen primarily as a mode of transport rather than a leisure activity. Rohloff's target customer rides several thousand kilometres a year, often because cycling is their sole mode of transport or because they live long-term as a cycle tourist.
There's a term in the bicycle trade, "Bicycle Shaped Object". It refers to bicycles built as cheaply as possible for exactly the customer you have in mind - people who ride a few times a year, usually buying a bike on impulse at a supermarket. Most BSOs are built to such a poor standard that they are unsafe to ride in traffic and will last no more than a few hundred kilometres.
To a lot of people in the bike business, the BSO represents everything they loathe in the world. The bicycle is a machine of pure liberation - a mode of transport that is practically free, that prolongs your life, that doesn't harm the environment and that helps you better engage with the world around you. The BSO crudely imitates the bicycle, selling a vision of freedom and health to people who will never experience either.
I'm not a leftist, in fact my politics border on Thatcherism, but I believe that business exists to serve humanity and not vice-versa. We get the sort of business we demand. Personally, I prefer businesses that treat their employees properly and do right by their customers, that value sustainability and longevity, that seek to serve their community. Rohloff care about cycling and see profit as something that allows them to continue doing what they love. If that isn't worthy of admiration then stop the world, I want to get off.
One of the neat things about where I currently work is we warrant our most of products for ten years and yes, we do have software. Doing the job right, and doing it durably, is so good. (And takes so much work).
the biggest obstacle is that the government won't go out of your way.
1. i could start my company now
2. but it would be stupid, as i would miss out on the "unternehmensgründerförderung" (start up support)
3. for getting "unternehmensgründerförderung" you have to attend a sh#tload of courses (for about 2 months) which tell you nothing about starting a business, but a lot of "what you have to do so that you don't get into trouble with the government later"
3.1. and they tell you a sh#tload of things about things you have to do to get a 'unternehmensgründungs' grant for your business
3.2. during that period your business is forbidden to earn money
4. as soon as you start your startup you have at least half a month of work outlined on what you now have to do to please your government
5. even if your company would just exists for 1 minute, you will get herrases by the government and insurance companies for the next 3 years.
oh, and every time the government discusses that fact that there are not enough new companies, they talk about another 'development program' (a.k.a. grant) which you then get educated about, if you want to or not.
sometimes i think i'm becoming an anarchist, an entrepreneur-anarchist.
Would it be fair to say that?
But the real problem, as the article says, is culture. Germany was once the country of the "Gründerzeit". But thats more than a century ago. Indeed, most of the big companies in Europe are way older than the republics they are based at.
I'm currently graduating from one of the top tier [1] engineering schools in Germany. None of my classmates that I'm friends with is really interested in startups. They are all going for Big Car or a Doctorate. And those guys are already more ventures than average.
[1] Not, that this says a lot. University quality is still way more equally distributed than in the US. But at least, there is some competition now. Not just over research grants but also about talented students. Ironically, my university is pushing entrepreneurship a lot. They even changed their slogan to "The Entrepreneurial University" http://portal.mytum.de/welcome/
The whole school system is fundamentally broken. Since elementary school to the very last stages of university education I've been told to study, work hard and eventually, with time, gain access to some big and famous corporate in a responsability position, get a lifelong contract, settle down and enjoy life. That should have been my professional life goal.
Entrpreunership isn't even remotely considered. It's like it was 'none of my business', as companies were somehow a father-son 'inheritance'. Add to that a very entrpreunership-adverse legislation (for an LLC equivalent in Italy you need a 20K deposit upfront and you'll be paying, at the end of the day, more than 50% of your profits in taxes) and you've got a recipe for disaster.
Also, the public opinion seems to have no or little interest in the matter, and the situation looks dreadfully stagnant.
Fortunately, there are sparks of cultural changes lately, especially with the younger folks, but it's a change that won't happen overnight for sure.
I would like to contribute my personal data point on this. I'm a student in a smallish Dutch town at a university that's mostly focused on economics/business and medicine.
It feels like there's a considerate entrepreneurial spirit among the students here. Many seem to wish to found a startup and there are some there doesn't seem to be the mentioned aversion against success and making it big. From what I can tell, most of this is (still) just hot air, meaning that people have big ideas but don't dare start working on them. On the other hand, this might also be due to the lack of a bigger engineering or CS department with more people that can actually build something.
Maybe this is the beginning of a change of culture. I wonder if students in bigger tech-universities have similar experiences.
They should appreciate different approaches instead of calling them a "problem". It's ridiculous to tell the Germans to become more like America or Israel. The German strategy has its problems and so does America's.
A somewhat inadvertent turn of phrase that may well be telling you more than expected about the situation in Europe.
There's your marketing problem. If being an entrepreneur was only about making money, I wouldn't want my culture to encourage it either. They should focus less on materialism and more on making a difference and creating jobs.
Making a difference? Creating jobs? If I was a business owner (I hope to be someday), the last thing I would be concerned with is job creation. As the old adage goes, "overhead walks on two legs" i.e. wages are a major cost for a business.
My first concern would be positive cash flow, then ramen profitability. Then perhaps getting funded, and only then, job creation.
Making money should the the sole goal of any business, then afterwards you can worry about making a difference, and employing people. Any other focus and you aren't going to make a difference or create jobs, because you will be out of business.
EDIT: amended last sentence
I fail to see how those things are negative. As a matter of fact, I wish more entrepreneurs would adopt this kind of thinking: Being proud of your craft and your product.
Sure, you need to be able to make decisions, but there is also something to be said for making quality products instead of going for execution speed over quality.
Quality-driven thinking is part of what makes Germany one of the largest economies in the world - despite the fact that it is much less populous than other big economies like the US, Japan, and China.
The question of whether this is a chicken and egg problem WRT European culture is up for debate.
tl;dr: Cultures are different. News at 11.
Those differences aren't a bad thing in any way and don't mean that we can't be united in some sense - but please just realize that saying that "Europe is like this and that" is like saying "North America is like this and that".
Investors want to know upfront how you plan to make money and phrases like "we will figure this out later" wont help you if you need to raise money.
If this sort of thinking changes maybe we will see more billion dollar companies in europe.
Only in internet startups that have international appeal do you find a little bit of startup funding, but these investors are hardly ever Dutch firms.
I would bet money that if you gave a poll, more Europeans would want to move AWAY from a "entrepeneurial culture" (whatever that means) than toward it. For the average working Fritz and Hannah it would mean giving up social services, safety, free education, and excellent vacations.
The only reasonable explanation for the article is the author is threatened by Germany's success and hoping to confuse them by writing an article advocating they do dumb things instead.
Do you see the culture of the Welfare State as an obstacle to changing culture to accept that being successful, doing new business ventures is a good thing?
[NB I'm in the UK and I fully support the current governments attempts to thin down the public sector here - with up to 25% cuts in some areas (not the NHS though)].
Being an employee is a lot simpler, quite safe and depending on your education is a lot more likely to get you a nice lifestyle.
Today I've read a blog post by Jesús Encinar, CEO of idealista.com, the go-to site for renting and buying real state in Spain. The article is in Spanish, short summary below):
http://www.jesusencinar.com/2011/06/10-ideas-concretas-para-...
"Ten ideas to promote startups in Spain"
- Limited liability
- The State shouldn't keep VAT returns for a year.
- Not overtaxing employee's stock (taxed 47% for employees)
- Not overtaxing business angels
- Easy foreign workers recruit
- Limit the need for licenses for everything.
- Lower freelancers taxes
- Lower startup social security burden
- Remove 1% tax on capital ampliations
- Stop attacking Internet sector
These are only the titles. Reading the details is depressing. Some of what you take for granted in the USA is impossible or infeasible here.
The basic idea is that, in order to startup, you must pay tons of taxes and licenses from the start, even if you're not earning a cent.
EDIT: How far are you WSJ fanboys going to downvote me on this? The company is owned by Rupert Murdock. The same one who owns Fox news. And this article was rubbish. Am I really the only person surprised to see this here?
Those people are responsible for the culture of impulsivness and creativity in the USA, kinda like role models. So migration is responsible for the lack of this kind of entrepeneurial approaches in Europe and responsible for the surplus of the same in the USA.
Simple, he? What do you think about this theory?
But I think this is another discussion entirely.
[1] http://www.paulgraham.com/foundervisa.html [2] http://venturebeat.com/2006/11/15/note-to-washington-about-h...
Therefore percentage of people having ADD should be much higher in America than anywhere else.