One thing that would help these small businesses would be SDK of sorts that would help them do proper attribution themselves.
Something that would help tie an ad click to an actual purchase or an app download.
Something that would help tie an ad click to an actual purchase or an app download.
That said, they're all part of an industry consortium that's working on differential privacy algorithms that will ideally allow businesses to check each other's attribution without actually sharing the personal data involved. https://developers.googleblog.com/2019/09/enabling-developer...
Of course when it comes to the GDPR both would be illegal unless proper, informed consent has been obtained beforehand.