I'm the shadow banned commenter, due to comments that fall in the right half of the plane; disagreeable to HN mods.
But not to digress, it's likely 120 degree BPSK (i.e. QPSK with a DC level for the Q). I'm not in the deep space field (but do RF/Microwave professionally), but the DSN (deep space network) on Earth sends out a carrier with 120 BPSK modulation with PN (pseudo noise) code. The spacecraft transverts and sends that back (a bent pipe). Velocity is determined via Doppler shift of the carrier. Range from the delay in the PN code. So knowing velocity and range (and bearing using antenna pointing or interferometry), you can track the spacecraft with great precision.
Even without a bent pipe, you need carrier recovery first, before you can demodulate, and the leakage helps with that. You can also do geolocation with carrier leakage (e.g. ARGOS satellites) and via isodops (contours of constant Doppler shift) like a reverse GPS uses isochrones (contours of constant time delay).
So in short, there are benefits of wasting carrier energy. The ham guy can detect it as he can do lots and lots of coherent averaging (i.e. long FFTs or very narrow resolution bandwidths) to find that carrier. Though to recover any modulation will take a much bigger (or lower noise temp) antenna.