They’re facing a unique economic situation where their economy isn’t growing and prices are decreasing. When prices decrease, people hold on to their money (after all, it will have more buying power in the future). When people don’t spend, the economy slows down. They tried lowering interest rates to $0 to try to motivate spending...hasn’t worked. They give stimulus a lot and have expirations on the debit cards they give to force spending...doesn’t really work. They’re running out of tools to get the economy growing again. This is the reason central banks aim for 1-2% inflation - it encourages spending which is good for the GDP.