The Javascript platform is used to capture user behavior in the most efficient manner. This is the fundamental basis for all the online business processes and resulting business value.
Those clicks usually translated to HTTP calls.
What is so fundamental about business processes that they can't do an extra page render and HTTP call? (I imagine there may be some, I just can't see how they are so fundamental and on the order of billions.)
Regardless I don't see how JS is fundamental to any of those services, not even Maps. Instead I suspect HTML would have become more feature rich sooner than HTML5.
I also don't believe JS itself contributes significantly to the trillions of dollars involved in online business.
Anyway, my point is that none of the interactivity as delivered by JS / ActiveX / Flash are themselves reason for all the money in online business. Before graphical browsers there were probably billions in transactions happening on computer networks. And likely would have grown to similar highs without the ability to run untrusted, 3rd party code on demand.
"I do not entertain hypotheticals. The world as it is is vexing enough." - Col. Stonehill, "True Grit"
But the pressure on the Web to be interactive enough vs. fat or old clients, never mind plugins, pushed not only JS but Java into the Netscape browser in 1995. I don't see how that could have gone another way in time to avoid MS doing the same.
The idea of a general Web scripting language was to make a relief valve where developers ran up against the limits of existing markup and less expressive languages the browser processed. Then standards bodies were supposed to study the top JS libs and absorb their Turing-incomplete bits into new HTML and CSS. This happened eventually, but not for so long that we had to invent XUL at Mozilla, Adobe did Flex, etc.
Microsoft - introduced AJAX to support their web enabled servers and online services. Have since morphed into Cloud based company.
Apple - lots of iOS apps are simple webviews that use javascript.
Amazon - online sales and cloud services using javascript.
Google - online ad services using javascript.
Facebook - online user behavior analytics using javascript.
Pretty much the entire online economy has huge dependency on javascript.