Researchers propose that humidity from masks may lessen severity of Covid-19
nih.gov
nih.gov
Possibly relevant study: https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-virology-0...
>"If the relative humidity of indoor air is below 40 percent, the particles emitted by infected people absorb less water, remain lighter, fly further through the room and are more likely to be inhaled by healthy people. In addition, dry air also makes the mucous membranes in our noses dry and more permeable to viruses," summarizes Dr. Ajit Ahlawat.
https://www.tropos.de/en/current-issues/press-releases/detai...
Actual paper:
https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/28979/what-s-be...
Like Japan, oh the population is so used to wearing masks so everything is going great. Except when cases went up, that was when they suddenly had a memory lapse and forgot how to wear their masks.
https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20201022/mask-use-by-america...
https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/08/27/more-americ...
Break it down by county or state, and you'll find that many of the the areas with the highest reported compliance have the worst overall metrics:
https://delphi.cmu.edu/covidcast/?date=20210209®ion=42003...
(and before anyone says it: sure, you can argue that mask-wearing correlates with population density or some other factor that leads to greater disease prevalence, but doesn't that just beg the original question? People are wearing masks the most in the places with the highest disease prevalence. If "the reason" that Vietnam did well is mask compliance...well, why didn't it work just as well here?)
" Our review of the literature offers evidence in favor of widespread mask use as source control to reduce community transmission: Nonmedical masks use materials that obstruct particles of the necessary size; people are most infectious in the initial period postinfection, where it is common to have few or no symptoms (45, 46, 141); nonmedical masks have been effective in reducing transmission of respiratory viruses; and places and time periods where mask usage is required or widespread have shown substantially lower community transmission.
The available evidence suggests that near-universal adoption of nonmedical masks when out in public, in combination with complementary public health measures, could successfully reduce Re
to below 1, thereby reducing community spread if such measures are sustained. Economic analysis suggests that mask wearing mandates could add 1 trillion dollars to the US GDP (32, 34).
Models suggest that public mask wearing is most effective at reducing spread of the virus when compliance is high (39). "
FROM
An evidence review of face masks against COVID-19 by Jeremy Howard, Austin Huang, et al.
This review completely misrepresents the results of cited papers, and is extremely sloppy with many others. For example, they claim that this RCT [0] found evidence supporting mask use for influenza, when in reality, it found no significant difference versus the control. Yet the authors of the Howard review blatantly mis-represent the top-line conclusion of the trial:
> There has been one controlled trial of mask use for influenza control in the general community....It found that “in an adjusted analysis of compliant subjects, masks as a group had protective efficacy in excess of 80% against clinical influenza-like illness.”
Moreover, this review omits the only randomized controlled trial ever conducted for masks and Covid [1] (which found no statistically significant protective effect), presumably because the RCT didn't support their argument.
In general, this review's sloppy use of citations (as in the section you've quoted) mixes statements of facts with dubious assertions -- unsupported by any evidence at all -- in order to make it seem that those assertions are fact. For example, from your quote, it's trivial to see examples:
> "nonmedical masks use materials that obstruct particles of the necessary size"
I don't know what "nonmedical masks" are, but the category is so broad that a statement like this is utterly meaningless, even if it were backed by a citation (which it isn't).
> "nonmedical masks have been effective in reducing transmission of respiratory viruses"
Again, I'm not sure what a "nonmedical mask" is, but there's no citation here, so this is just a bald assertion.
The evidence base for masks -- of any sort -- against respiratory viruses is so weak that even recent a review published by the CDC in May 2020 argues that they have no effect [2]. For cloth masks specifically, the only randomized trial ever conducted showed that people wearing cloth masks were worse off than those wearing surgical masks [3].
There have been a number of fair, quality reviews of the mask debate (for example, [4]). This is not one of them.
[0] https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Esam_Azhar2/publication...
[1] https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M20-6817
[2] https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/5/19-0994_article
[3] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4420971/pdf/bmj...
[4] https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/masking-lack-of-evidence-with-...
This is not my actual experience in the United States. It's practically impossible to find a laundromat in Rhode Island that isn't constantly full of maskless noses, and we're a blue state.
EDIT:
>More than nine in 10 U.S. adults (93%) said they sometimes, often or always wear a mask or face covering when they leave their home and are unable to socially distance, including more than seven in 10 (72%) who said they always do so, the poll revealed.
That's not 93% compliance, it's 72% compliance. In other words, the noncompliance rate is five times higher!
But regardless, are you seriously arguing that the difference between Vietnam and the US is...a few percent difference in self-reported mask compliance?
If the miracle cure of masking requires 100% compliance amongst 330 million people, your plan is doomed from the start.
[1]: https://english.elpais.com/americas/2021-01-29/study-finds-t...
For Brazil, it's a bit more than 9%.
We know very well that age is a significant factor.
The most obvious explanation is (even literally) right in front of our noses: politics, culture and age distribution.
https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/what-we-do/news-storie...
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6...
( Resurgence of COVID-19 in Manaus, Brazil, despite high seroprevalence )
https://www.pnas.org/content/118/8/e2021830118?fbclid=IwAR3q...
It's very effective at warming up the air, probably because it mixes it with the one in the dead space.
During the spring though, I found that wearing a mask completely prevented all of my seasonal allergy symptoms.
After that, I decided that the increased risk of getting COVID was lower than the risk of getting hit by a car.
I do know it's not this bad for everyone, and I have tried different methods to mitigate it—anti-fog spray, different masks, etc. From what I've read it's largely dependent on the shape of your face, so I assume I just lost the lottery there.
It seems to be very effective. I can't find a picture, unfortunately my description leaves a lot to be desired.
But it's a common problem and there are a variety of products that try to address it.
Mask laws were instituted to get people to cover both nose and mouth, but it is interesting to see different levels of observance across Europe. In small-town Poland, for example, I see a lot of people not covering their nose, while in Romania I saw that people were very diligent about covering their whole face, and I have laughed to watch Albanian news and see that a lot of people in the street just have the mask over their chin with neither mouth nor nose covered.
So it's not just me! But, if you're not actively talking (ie, your mouth is closed), is wearing a mask below your nose any better than just taking it off? I figure at that point, I might as well put it in my back pocket.
I cited this story because it pointed out that the air was heated along with being humidified.
This is the original press release from U of C Medicine [1].
[0] https://chicago.suntimes.com/coronavirus/2020/4/25/21236187/...
[1]https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/forefront/coronavirus-disea...
Would need proper testing but the "arm chair" thinking here is two fold:
1. the nasal passage is specifically intended to help inhaled air warm and be mildly humidified
2. A tendency to sleep with your mouth open is more common in those who are overweight and they've often been observed to be hit worse by Covid
I'm mainly thinking point 1 here, as point 2 is probably just a convenient coincidence, but you never know (until it's tested or at least considered by more of an expert in this field than me the amateur!)
https://www.mindbodygreen.com/articles/health-benefits-of-br...
If so, it might take some legwork to untangle those two factors (mouth breathing vs other obesity issues) to explain covid's disproportionate impact on obese people.
https://sph.unc.edu/sph-news/researchers-map-how-coronavirus...
Here's why:
Humidity affects the dessication of droplets, which in turn shifts what fraction become airborne (as aerosols) or settle out (as droplets). In the tiny enclosed volume between your face and your mask, that difference doesn't matter, because the whole volume is exchanged multiple times with each breath.
Masks reduce the number of viruses that you're exposed to, so even if you are exposed to enough to make you sick, you get less sick than you would have otherwise.
The article doesn't say anything about droplets or the number of viral particles you get exposed to. From the article:
> hydration of the respiratory tract is known to benefit the immune system.
> CO2 tended to cause poor sleep, headache, and hand tremor before it caused cognitive issues.
If you're concerned about carbon dioxide you can either refresh the air periodically or you can create a small gap in the duvet to allow some exchange of air with the surrounding room (whilst keeping the humidity relatively high).
To be quite honest, masks are very helpful, given that they are infinitely more effective than covering the mouth with hands or elbow (it doesn't block everything, and people often do not sanitize their hands or elbows afterwards).
Masks are also used in Japan to protect the wearer from allergens during their allergy season. After I read about it, I also started doing this, and I noticed my symptoms were a lot less terrible than previous years. They are also used in China when smog is bad.
Given how cheap masks are, and how we will have a lot of manufacturing left after all this that will drive prices down, to me it is a no-brainer, and I'd definitely prefer it if Americans resume their practice of coming into work sick once we are at least partially back in office. (Now, they do this because we have terrible sick leave, but masks are at least not super-expensive at solving the problem absent some state or federal push for mandated paid sick leave.)
It's required to wear a mask 100% of the time in some medical professions. This is usually so you don't get vulnerable people sick, not to protect yourself. Medicine is highly evidence based. If masks didn't work these rules wouldn't exist.
Most of those wearing masks aren't doing it out of "fear and emotion", they're doing it to protect others. We all know that cloth style masks everyone is wearing offer the wearer almost no protection. The value is primarily in the protection they provide to others by blocking aerosols when you breathe and talk.
I get the feeling you follow some news sources that erroneously claim people wear masks to calm their fear and emotions
But you might be surprised to learn that even as recently as 2016 the use of masks in surgical settings wasn't understood to be backed by very strong science: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4480558/
This article is about surgical masks which are basically tissue paper not N95's. In some healthcare settings N95 is required especially when dealing with immunocompromised or extremely infections diseases like active TB or SARS. The evidence for these is much stronger
In Japan: they'd be worried about infecting others so they would wear a mask.
In USA: Even if they cared about other and could buy a mask, they'd be worried about the weird looks, so they don't wear a mask.
Hopefully in 2026, assuming Covid is solved by then, people wearing masks in the US won't be looked weirdly, or even if people like you do, the sick people would think "Why should I give a shit what you think.".
This behavior can be suspended temporarily on a short-term basis when a population perceives an urgent state of pandemic or (as in Japan) when an individual says he has a cold, but it may not be sustainable at a society-wide scale beyond that. Seatbelts faced cultural resistance before adoption, sure, but much less than masks would once the acute COVID risk has passed.
What wearing the mask does show me is that a person is extremely susceptible to propaganda and likely has conformist tendencies. This isn't necessarily true in all cases but I think it will be for the majority of them. This sort of person is dangerous to bring in to your social circle because they can easily be manipulated into being an instrument of the state. I don't want to have to police my own thoughts and opinions in front of my friends and in an increasing totalitarian "cancel culture" environment this risk becomes increasingly more substantial and existential.
And you should tell frontline medical personnel that masks don't protect them, they'll be glad your non-conformist ultra intelligent mind managed to figure it out.
What are you basing this assessment on? Are all masks equal? Does training in mask application matter? For what duration are different types of masks effective?
They do get less effective with time, exposure to moisture. Using alcohol to clean an N95 will significantly reduce its effectiveness.
Early on, Stanford did a study on various methods of sterilizing N95s and the change of effectiveness. Heat (70°C for 30 mins) was best.
https://news.stanford.edu/2020/04/01/researchers-show-how-to...
There is such a thing called ethics. You can't experiment on people when you have good reason to expect something will be harmful for them, like feed them cancerous stuff to see what happens. But you can check what happened to the people that didn't comply, for example those that accidentally ate that food, and still learn something.
Telling people to wear masks, even if there is a chance it doesn't help, is not a weird idea during a pandemic. The chance of it being counterproductive was fairly negligible compared to the chance of it helping, and so you should do it.
Or did I misunderstand what you meant there?
This is research that wearing a mask actually help you have a lesser form of Covid, entirely independently of propagation.
Why do you enter a public bathroom, touch your privates with unwashed hands and then leave without washing your hands? Why do you spit on the floor? Why do you sneeze and cough in public transport without covering your mouth and nose?
Can stupidity or ignorance alone explain this germ spreading behavior? What are the psychological mechanisms behind these highly infectious people? What’s wrong with them? At least we need an explanation for why we are suffering this huge amount of pain!
(It'd also be a known phenomenon for surgeons, dentists, nurses, painters, drywall installers, nail technicians, etc. who've been using masks for decades.)
If you don't wash your plates, bowls, and utensils, you can get sick due to crud which has grown on the residual cruft. That is why people wash them between uses.
If you are using your mask long enough that it is developing bacterial growths, that is your fault and isn't flaw of the mask. Wash your mask after every use, giving it ample dwell time in the soap before rinsing it. Wring it out, hang it to dry, no problems.
To others, with broken skin.
We're inhaling air that passes through our own dirty mouths pretty regularly without getting infected by it already.