Pretty good research on the same topic from this firm a few years ago: https://baymard.com/blog/drop-down-usability
I appreciate that the Baymard article also includes mobile UI.
This problem is made much worse by the iOS Picker component.
Yes, Pickers are especially bad for web site forms. And, it's turrible for native app forms too. So many times I've been confused by scrolling pickers.
When iOS was new, it seemed novel and clever. Yay. And I'm super grateful for the experimentation. But it just didn't work out. It should just be removed.
https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guideline...
Pickers could maybe be rescued by making them always overlay on top, instead of the current weird inlay at the bottom of the screen.