they simply gave you the option to register with Gilt if you are interested in purchasing the chromebook.
The email I got says right there: Remember, you must use this email (...) to access the sale
If so, that is why you got the e-mail.
A few months back, you asked to be notified about the availability of Chrome OS, which is why we sent you this one-time notice. You will not be emailed again regarding the availability of Chrome OS. Remember, you must use this email -- xxx.yyy.com -- to access the sale
So how did my contact info get from Google to Gilt? Did I explicitly give permission for that when I signed up? Does Gilt and/or Google profit from this?
It is possible that you gave Google permission when you signed up.
I think it is more likely that the URL has all of the information Gilt needs to process the request:
http://www.gilt.com/google-
chromebook?opromo=Google_Chromebook&ocl=Email&ocat=Link&
email_address=<any email would work here>
I visited that URL and replaced the original e-mail address with a different one and it worked fine.