Obviously, pattern matching comes from the ML family and functional Lisps like Clojure. What makes it a difficult integration into Python is that in languages such as Rust, OCaml, Haskell, but also Racket and Clojure, almost everything is an expression, and name bindings are, apart from a few exceptions, always scoped. Consequently, pattern matching is an expression, not a statement.
A similar issue is that Python 3 tried to become more "lazy", similar to how Haskell and Clojure are - this is the reason for replacing some list results with generators, which is a subtle breaking change. Lazy evaluation of sequences is nice-to-have on servers but its importance in Haskell and Clojure comes from them being functional languages which are geared towards a "pure" (side-effect-free) style, in which they differ a lot from Python.
My impression is also that over time, Python has really absorbed a huge number of features from functional Lisp dialects. This might seem surprising. Well, here are some things that modern Lisps like SBCL, Schemes and functional languages on the one hand side, and Python 3 do have in common:
* a Read-Eval-Print Loop (REPL)
* strong dynamic typing
* automatic memory management
* memory safety
* exceptions
* a wide choice of built-in data types: lists, strings, vectors, arrays, dictionaries / hash maps, tuples, sets
* keyword arguments and optional arguments in functions
* handling of names in scopes and names spaces
* closures and lambda functions
* list comprehensions
* pattern matching (limited support for tuples and lists in Python)
* Unicode strings
* arbitrarily long integers
* complex numbers
* rational numbers
* number type are part of a hierarchical type hierarchy (numeric tower)
* empty sequences, containers and strings are logically false
* support for threads (but no real parallelism in Python)
* low-level bit operations (a bit limited in Python)
* easy way to call into C code
* type annotations
* if ... else can be used as an expression
* string formatting is a mini language
* hexadecimal, octal and binary literals
* standard functions for functional programming like map and filter
* support for OOP (e.g. by the Common Lisp Object System)
* support for asynchronous execution
What is notably missing from this list is parallelism (as opposed to concurrency); Python simply does not support it in a practical way, while some functional languages do support it extremely well.
The net result of this creeping featuritis appears to be that Python, which is still classified as "beginner friendly", is now actually significantly more complex than a language like Racket or Clojure, perhaps because these features are often not integrated that well. I even think that Rust, while clearly being targeted at a very different domain, is more streamlined and well-composed than Python.
What is also worth mentioning is that these functional languages have seen steady improvements in compilers and performance of generated code, with the result that Rust code is now frequently at least as fast as C code, SBCL is within arms reach of C, and Clojure and Racket are about in the same league as Java - while Python code in comparison continues to be extremely slow:
https://benchmarksgame-team.pages.debian.net/benchmarksgame/...
https://benchmarksgame-team.pages.debian.net/benchmarksgame/...
https://benchmarksgame-team.pages.debian.net/benchmarksgame/...
https://benchmarksgame-team.pages.debian.net/benchmarksgame/...