There's mainly a few "areas" people like:
- Digital (PSK, etc)
- CW (Morse Code usually over long distances)
- Repeaters (VHF, a small local community, essentially TeamSpeak)
If I had enough money I'd buy a FT-100D [4] since it lets you do "everything" (poorly) in a single package which is important for me since I live in a small apartment.
When you get your license, go to your local radio club, tell people you're new, and ask them to participate in something called "Field Day". It's a disaster preparedness "drill" done yearly and works like a contest: talk to a bunch of people regardless of method and get points for it. You'll see everyone doing everything. There's people doing QRP (very low power transmissions usually off batter/solar) and QRO (people using very high power radios). Digital/analog, etc.
[1] - qrz.com
[2] - www.hamradiolicenseexam.com
[3] - www.arrl.org/find-an-amateur-radio-license-exam-session
[4] - https://www.universal-radio.com/catalog/hamhf/3473.html