You can do it non-properly in Rust as well, e.g. using unwraps, etc. but even then it's still way better than an UB-ridden component of a C++ codebase.
Of course you could still ignore it then, but the language made make this choice at every point consciously so it is totally your fault if it bites you later.
I e.g. tend to comment on unwraps why they cannot panic, and if they could (because I wanted to follow another strain of thought first, I use except and a message or writw a TODO comment.