I’m sure they are still heavily investing in CapEx given their growth.

You have to remember that AWS had a more linear path so capex investment was spread out over a longer time line. Meanwhile Google had to rebuild all of AWS infra and capacity basically over night.

That coupled with high revenue growth leads to a large loss in the build out years. As revenue increase YoY slows down that loss will begin to narrow.

Same reason Amazon didn't show a profit for years. Just means they are continuing to spend more than they make in an effort to grow and to find those killer apps and services that will make them the dominant player.

From what I hear they are giving out sweetheart deals to large customers that aren't making money, but hey they can claim to run "X" company's cloud instances.

My guess is they’re giving away a lot for free. Firebase free tier is almost too generous.