Is there a way to plausibly and without corruption just tax these externalities at least more than the cost of repairing the damage - and spend the tax money actually doing that?
There is some problem in competitive systems that somebody will have an advantage over you once you tax these externalities. For this to work you would need the world (or a big enough part of it) to cooperate on this issue.
Tariffs and boycotts. The internet has collaborated to give mumble rap videos billions of views, I don't see why it couldn't drive cooperation among good actors to change something.