Two things to augment your explanation of the first and second amendments. Firstly, the first amendment guarantees "the incorporation freedom of speech", and not "the freedom of any speach" which sounds arbitrary but isn't when you remember so much of the constitution is meant to carry forward existing British and colonial traditions. If we were free to say it in 1789 we're free to say it now. We aren't free to say anything we please, but the limits are very very wide.
Secondly, incorporation doctrine has made a giant mess of everything, especially the second amendment. It does need to be read in conjunction with the Militia clause in article 1 and you need to keep in mind the intent was to keep a small army but a powerful militia. Militia refers to every man capable of fighting. In federalist fashion, congress got to set standards but the states executed them. The second amendment was a minimum training standard that said congress couldn't abuse its power by enacting gun control because if they did, we'd have no militia to defend the nation which would be a perverse outcome. But basically the federal government has the (curiously unused) power to regulate the training of the militia. Part of that could plausibly include restrictions on how the militia is trained on certain weapons. Hence, to bear a WMD congress could require you to serve one weekend a month, two weeks a year if you get my drift.