The stock price today is irrelevant if you're not going to sell, and that's what WSB Thto be saying. The price is going to drop much faster than it rose.
The stock price today is irrelevant if you're not going to sell, and that's what WSB Thto be saying. The price is going to drop much faster than it rose.
How is it possible for a stock to be 125% over shorted? What does this mean?
Have a read from Matt Levine's "Infinite Game" from yesterday:
https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-01-26/will-w...
To quote:
> Falcone owned some bonds of a company called MAAX Holdings Inc. “After hearing rumors that a Wall Street financial services firm was shorting the MAAX bonds and also encouraging its customers to do the same, Falcone decided to seek revenge.” So he bought all the MAAX bonds. Then he bought more: Short sellers would borrow MAAX bonds (presumably from him), and then sell them to him, so that he ended up with “22 million more bonds than MAAX had ever issued.” Then he stopped lending them out, forcing the short sellers to buy bonds to cover their shorts. But there were no bonds to be bought, since he owned them all (and more).
> Falcone stated that the Wall Street firm should just keep bidding for the bonds. Falcone acknowledged that the Wall Street firm would suffer some losses doing so, but told the senior officer and the others that sometimes you are just on the wrong side of a trade.
* How shorting works normally:
Alice thinks the price will lower this week. On Monday, Alice borrows a stock from Bob. She sells that stock immediately on Monday. On Friday at the end of that week, she buys a stock again and hands it back to Bob, plus a small fee for his troubles. If the stock price went down during the week, you can see that Alice made a profit.
* What happened for Gamestop:
Melvin thinks the price will lower this year. Melvin borrows a stock from Rudy. Melvin sells that stock, and unbeknown to him he sells it back to Rudy. Melvin borrows another stock from Rudy which unbeknown to him he sells again to Rudy. While there exists only 1 stock, Rudy now has 3 stocks of which he borrowed 2 to Melvin. Melvin owes Rudy 200% of all available stock, which he needs to hand back at the end of the year.
* What is the short squeeze Rudy/Reddit is currently doing on Melvin Capital?
Well, in reality, Melvin Capital has 1.5 stocks borrowed for every stock in existence (I'm not sure how much of the total stock was actually liquid, so I'm not sure how many rounds Melvin needs to go through to cover all their shorts).
Today it is the end of the year. Melvin needs to hand Rudy back the stock. However, the only person he could buy it from, is Rudy himself. Now Rudy is free to set an arbitrary price for his stock AND meanwhile buy up all other available stock at ridiculous prices. The only stock Melvin can buy, is from Rudy, or from other people at at least Rudy's price point. And Melvin needs to buy that stock to then hand it back to Rudy, after which Rudy can sell it yet again at an even higher price point for Melvin to hand it back again. Rudy makes a lot of profit, by squeezing out Melvin after making the market illiquid and overpriced. Effectively, the game is such that the entire capital of Melvin is now for Rudy. Melvin must buy something from Rudy, no matter how high Rudy sets his price.
An alternative is for Melvin to borrow another stock from Rudy, handing it back to cover for the last borrow. However, this way Melvin is only digging himself into an even deeper hole stacking up fees (the fee Melvin pays for Rudy's troubles is currently at a 130% interest rate).
* What is on the line?
Melvin Capital is 3 billion. The question is how much Reddit is Rudy, how much stock Reddit managed to control. If Reddit manages the squeeze, the squeezers will basically share among each other 3 billion. If Reddit does not manage, a lot of people will hold a lot of Gamestop stock at probably way lower prices than they bought.
Melvin Capital appears to have received a capital injection of 3 billion from Citadel today, doubling the stakes in an all or nothing with Reddit. So wallstreetbets is now standing to either gain 6 billion or losing a lot of money. Which sounds big to us, but is probably just another Wednesday for wallstreetbets...
[1] https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/27/hedge-fund-targeted-by-reddi...
Are they accurate to the hour? My impression was that this information wasn't reported at a regular cadence, but I have no idea.
Some people are saying that Melvin Capital lied. That seems unlikely: my guess is that you'd go to jail for a long time if you lied about your purchases to manipulate the market on such a grand scale.
Isn't it more likely the company will go bankrupt and the traders will 'only' have their most recent £10M bonus to fall back on?
they would be forced to liquidate their other holdings before going bankrupt no?
The sensible people will take their (massive) profits, and those who believe the "as long as everyone holds" rhetoric will be left with losses, probably on margin.
You buy the stock for $200 but of the $200, $100 is money that you've borrowed. Because the stock is now at $350 your assets cover the margin easily. but if the suddenly becomes liquid and gaps down to $2, you owe $100 and only have $2 dollars in assets with which to cover your margin loan. You get a margin call and the bank force sells your stock then takes your car, your house, etc to cover the $98 you still owe.
I know someone who tried to convince VW management to do that during the Porche/VW squeeze. They didn't but I see no reason why another management team wouldn't act differently.
* The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) had previously conducted multiple investigations into his business practices but had not uncovered the massive fraud.*
While there isn't 125% available to buy in one go, there is trading happening, HedgeFund2 can be buying and returning their loaned shares this week, HedgeFund3 can be buying and returning theirs next week, HedgeFund4 the week after, and at no point does any group need to buy 125% of available shares all in one go; where does the time limit that causes the squeeze come from?
The shorts collectively have losses on paper of $35bn+, which is a lot of money even for well-capitalized Wall Street funds.
Further, all hedge funds have internal risk limits, which include limits of their exposure to a single equity. Should the collateral requirements exceed this limit, then their internal risk compliance team will ensure that the short position be at least partially closed to keep them within their limits.
In reality, when a short covers they buy back the stock and pay back the broker or market maker they borrowed it from. Then the broker or market maker sells it again. Then the short can buy back the same share, over and over again, as long as they can find someone to sell it to them. That "as long as they can find someone to sell it to them" is what's going on here - if everybody HODLs, the stock doesn't circulate, and the shorts have to pay increasing amounts to incentivize other weak hands to sell. But total short interest > 100% doesn't mean anything other than that there are a lot of shorts whose need to cover might blunt some price declines. Unless those particular shorts are right up against their margin limits, they can just hold the short position open until WSB loses interest.
Shorting a stock at $300, when it was trading at $16 last month is pretty much the definition of huge upside.
Note that if you short at 300 and it flash jumps to 1000 you are toast.
Shall be an interesting week.
Edit: looks like it's already falling apart, the price is down 30% on post-market trading! Expect things to get real once the market opens up.
Is that true? I tried and failed to verify.
You could lock in gains using puts, but when you go and price out doing so you'll see exactly how much the market values the risk in the position.
The stock rocketed up today and the puts rose about 20% as well (which is crazy and counter-intuitive). So, I was entirely wrong and made money anyway. Once I realized I couldn't account for what was happening, was totally wrong on the direction, and being offered a token gain to get out, I got out.
Someone was bidding up $50 puts expiring in 3.5 weeks and buying contracts today, while the shares were in the mid-300s. That's insane implied volatility.
Because the higher you are, the closer you are to a crash. Peaks take time to build, but crashes can happen overnight (or premarket).
If you write a put, you're long the stock. To hedge yourself, you'll need to short it. To the extent that that is difficult right now, nobody will be willing to write puts. (Strictly speaking, the put is so out of the money right now, that one would not have to short much today. But as soon as the stock price falls and approaches the strike, the writer of the put would need to start shorting. "Hey, anyone got some shares I could borrow?")
On the other hand, if you want to take a negative view on the company, buying a put is sensible thing to do. That'll drive the price of the puts up.
This is called IV expansion.
In truth, you are not even guaranteed to be able to find a buyer.
IIRC, that’s closer than the naive interpretation (“you will sell at exactly $320 if the price drops to or below that level”), but it's still not quite right. Unless I'm mistaken, a stop-loss @ $320 is actually “if the price is at or below $320, submit a market sell order”. In theory, it could execute above $320, though at or below is vastly more likely. And, as you note, you aren't guaranteed it will execute at all.
I think a good example of this is the Ethereum flash-crash on Coinbase in.... 2017? Something happened (IIRC someone submitted a very large market-sell, maybe by accident), but it completely wiped out half of the order book.
This triggered all of the stop-losses that people had submitted. But... almost the entire order book was gone. So they sold very low. Which triggered more stop-losses. Which sold lower, and so on.
In the end stop-losses ended up largely selling to one super-lucky-account-that-I'm-sure-set-this-up-as-a-joke-and-forgot-about-it who had a limit buy in for 10c/ETH.
IIRC the price was ~350 when this started. When people were able to start buying again, the price jumped up again (obviously).
But this lucky person was able to buy ~5k ETH at 10c, because all the stop-losses triggered.
¯\_(ツ)_/¯
I think it was Ben Graham who said the markets can remain irrational longer than you can remain solvent.
Perhaps you mean he could buy a higher priced call.
Opening a spread would make you a ton of money for sure, but seems unlikely one would be sold.
Can you expand on this? Why would they be on the line for $20k+ (or anything) after selling the option?
Not just when the option expires. You can be assigned anytime after you sell an option.
Correct me if wrong, but my understanding with Robinhood is that you Sell to Close (by default anyway), which just goes back into the market. No further obligation?
If you sell an option, you Sell to Open. If you want to buy it back (at a profit/loss and you're not assigned), you Buy to Close which goes back into the market and closes your position. If you are assigned (i.e. the buyer of your option exercises his right to buy 100 shares at the strike price), you have no option other than to buy those shares at market price if you don't have any and deliver it to the option buyer.
[0, as posted by colllectorof] https://lbry.tv/@rossmanngroup:a/why-mainstream-media-s-slan...
Hence my calling it a pump and dump... They are pumping the stock up with highly positive videos like the one you posted and comments on WSB to get the price higher faster so they can sell and make a max profit. But for this to happen, they are going to need a buyer who buys at the very top.
Who is that buyer going to be? No savvy investor will go near buying a pump and dump with a ten foot pole. Sadly, it will be the newbies on WSB and the newbies watching this Rossmann video who buy at the top and lose everything as it plummets down.
You might say, "Well I am not going to be that newbie"... But only a very few will sell at the top... Maybe 1-5%. A few more will make solid returns. But all that profit for those guys on top will come from gullible retail investors. That is why MSM is calling BS.
Caveat vendor.
But, the premiums can be pretty juicy.
Looking at the 29Jan 320 Call options, if you were good, and called today’s top. Then you could’ve wrote the call at 145. Then held it for 90 mins, when it bottomed out at 89. Netting you a cool $56 per contract.
If you wrote 1 contract on this play, then 56 x 1 x 100 = $5600.
So, $5600 of net profit in 90 minutes. If you’re lucky. It’s best to have a large war chest to play this strategy.
But, if you’re unlucky, then a short squeeze can even happen during normal trading hours, and it would probably wipe you out.
You can call the wrong top, and the spreads are so wide, that the loss is heavier to exit the position.
And if you ran this strategy yesterday, at a lower price point, and held it overnight, then you would’ve been wiped out this morning, when the stock spiked in overnight off-market trading. So it’s best to keep this strategy to a daytrade.
I don’t recommend this strategy to anyone. The odds of you consistently calling the top, correctly, all the time, is very low.
And the crazy phenomenon going on right now, is that the retail traders, are somewhat collectively operating like a hive mind. Whether they can really succeed to achieve their objective of hitting $1000/share, remains to be seen. But, I’m not going to challenge this one, at this time.
On the other hand, if I am right that this is about the peak, then I get $20,000.
I could either close my position, or I could potentially buy the same call option strike with a shorter expiration for cheaper... Most likely the run up on GME will be over by then. If not, I could just buy another call option with a further strike on top of it.
Perhaps my strategy should be selling call options dated for 79 days from now with a strike of 320 for $190... Then buy call options for when I think this thing will end... Say 9 days out with the same strike for $152. If things go crazy high, then I can use my buy call option to cover the sell call option. If it doesn't, then my profit is $192-152 = $40.
My theory is the stock has run insanely high, and even Elon Musk has made comments that are priced in. At this point, WSB users may have all their money they want in this play invested... Who else comes in to sustain the current price or drive it higher? What if GME execs decide to sell some shares to raise funds? Or if the SEC asks them to to stop the short squeeze? The stock almost reached the WSB pie in the sky goal of $1000... How many people are going to make sure they aren't the last fool in the stock holding the bag?
But if I am really wrong, and the stock went to $5000 on a short squeeze, that would hurt. $5000-320= 4,680 x 100= $468,000.
I probably should buy a shorter run buy side call option to cover my risk. $20,000 with high probability outcome vs $468,000 with a low probability outcome...
Who exactly sells call options anyways? Someone has to be selling these naked in order to provide the volume that is out there, right? Probably people doing it behind an LLC shield so they can't take unlimited losses and will leave their broker ("too big to fail") holding the bag?
Or did you get margin called?
GME shot up to 452, then 90 minutes later, it fell to 126.
But, that was today’s scary high. Then, it fell to the depths of 126, just 90 minutes later. Crazy.
We know well that random people on the Internet aren't reliable. For those who respond, why are you taking it at face value?
You got lucky - you have nothing to brag about. Your actions are 100x worse than anything i've seen in WSB.
I mentioned that quote from someone that thought in the same lines as the OP, had more money and was a professional in the area, and still lost his shirt - twice.
I remember reading about people mortgaging their house to get into bitcoin, etc.
I don't know how the coming days will play out, but I'm quite confident when this is all over we'll be treated to stories in the NYT about how someone lost their life savings, alongside calls for regulation.
There was a tiny minority that did stupid things like buy $20k of options on credit cards but there's a minority of stupid people like that everywhere.
It's a bit disingenuous for people to make it seem like there's thousands of people putting their life savings and retirements into stocks - and even so, I would guess that many of the people who do claim to use "life savings" actually mean "the 10k I had in my bank savings account" because they're only 23.
I also had a horrible thought, what if someone came in and bought short positions at inflated prices with his lunchbox money instead? Then that person is trying to wait out the redditors.
Wow. So many angles.
Too rich for my blood.