"If Chomsky had focused on the other side, interpretation, as Claude Shannon did, he may have changed his tune. In interpretation (such as speech recognition) the listener receives a noisy, ambiguous signal and needs to decide which of many possible intended messages is most likely. Thus, it is obvious that this is inherently a probabilistic problem, as was recognized early on by all researchers in speech recognition..."

This is the money shot especially since speakers are aware of the interpretive activity of listeners, and effective speakers play constantly on the ambiguities in their statements - structural (i.e. grammatical) ambiguities as well as semantic ambiguities. Listeners in turn are aware of speakers' awareness of this.. There is, effectively, an infinity of mutual awarenesses of structural ambiguities. In any instance of communication.

I think most technologists and (especially) businesspeople see this intuitively. I think many academics do not. Not sure how to articulate what I mean but I think I am saying something non-trivial about academics and their perspective on language.