The engineering process for these things is highly adversarial. Layers and layers of red teams trying to break them in the conceptual phase, the design phase, the build phase, and the deployment phase. Plus coding extremely detailed computer models of the weapons and their usage scenarios and trying to make things fail in simulation. On the fastest supercomputers in the world.
https://www.newswise.com/articles/sandia-weapons-program-mee...
https://www.hpcwire.com/2020/10/01/hpe-strikes-deal-to-provi...