If you have a meeting at 11 AM in the morning, people are supposed to show up on time. Do all your meetings run late? Or does only the standup get this treatment?
Sidenote: if somebody's late > 2 mins, they can join midway or miss the standup altogether, just as is the case with any other meeting.
At the standup, strictly speaking, we give each developer a minute, else the master calls time on them. In a team of 7, that makes the standup 7 minutes long. Typically, people tend to keep their updates short as a way to share what they did yesterday and what they will do today. For any conversations longer than a minute, we take it offline. I have been in companies where this is done via an official master, and other places where we just follow the process ourselves as adults and don't go overboard with updates.
You get back to your desk in < 10 mins, practically for us - it was more like 7-8ish minutes.
I am no standup aficionado, and can't claim to know where you've worked to know the reality virtually everywhere with such confidence, but anybody aware of the process will help you fix it. It appears you've not met such people.