AT&T is still installing Carrier IQ on almost all Androids. That application is collecting info like GPS and barometric readings to estimate floor location in a highrise, etc.
Notice that all of this is entirely legal, above board, and you agreed to it as part of your service agreement.
Source: I worked for AT&T and Carrier IQ
"Agree" implies willful consent and being in harmony with the implied outcome.
People accept because they have no meaningfully acceptable choice - which is the exact target that carriers aim for.
But even using timing advances, if the cells aren't too big, you get a pretty reasonable accuracy.