The part where you need to do work to really use the new hardware typically is for stuff computers didn’t use to do at all.
For parts where you think “my computer from 10 years ago did that, too, and at the same speed” I think it’s more because software gets written to use the new hardware.
It seems there’s an equivalent of Marchetti’s constant (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marchetti's_constant: “Marchetti posits that although forms of urban planning and transport may change, and although some live in villages and others in cities, people gradually adjust their lives to their conditions (including location of their homes relative to their workplace) such that the average travel time stays approximately constant”) for the speed of personal computers. As computers get faster, programs get more resource-hungry.
Some of that has tangible benefits. Screens have higher resolution, icons are much larger, spell checkers get better, emojis are added, text anti-aliasing is improved, support for perceptual color spaces ais added, video codecs get better compression, but at the price of decompression speed, etc. (often, the law of diminishing returns is harsh, but there is progress)
Some of it is invisible; programs grow in resource usage in exchange for a shorter time to market. Growth comes from using more resource-hungry languages, from using large libraries, and from not spending (‘wasting’) time to find performance bottlenecks.